Mononuclear Cell Transcriptome Response after Sustained Virgin Olive Oil Consumption in Humans: An Exploratory Nutrigenomics Study

Abstract

Virgin olive oil (VOO) is considered to be one of the main components responsible for the health benefits of the Mediterranean diet, particularly against atherosclerosis where peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) play a crucial role in atherosclerosis development and progression. The objective of this article was to identify the PBMNC genes that respond to VOO consumption in order to ascertain the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial action of VOO in the prevention of atherosclerosis. Gene expression profiles of PBMNCs from healthy individuals were examined in pooled RNA samples by microarrays after 3 weeks of moderate and regular consumption of VOO, as the main fat source in a diet controlled for antioxidant content. Gene expression was verified by qPCR. The response to VOO consumption was confirmed for individual samples (n ϭ 10) by qPCR for 10 upregulated genes (ADAM17, ALDH1A1, BIRC1, ERCC5, LIAS, OGT, PPARBP, TN-FSF10, USP48, and XRCC5). Their putative role in the molecular mechanisms involved in atherosclerosis development and progression is discussed, focusing on a possible relation with VOO consumption. Our data support the hypothesis that 3 weeks of nutritional intervention with VOO supplementation, at doses common in the Mediterranean diet, can alter the expression of genes related to atherosclerosis development and progression. 7

Olive Oil and Cardiovascular Health

“…73 Recently, the mononuclear transcriptome response in human PBMCs after sustained VOO consumption (3 weeks) has been reported. 74 In agreement with the previous reports concerning the protective effects of sustained olive oil consumption on lipid and DNA oxidative damage, 18,34,36,37 some related genes such as lipoic acid synthase (LIAS), aldehyde dehydrogenase A1 (ALDH1A1), and genes corresponding to the DNA repairing proteins such as the excision repair cross complementation group (ERCC5) and X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 5 (XRCC5) were upregulated. 74 Although further studies are needed, nutrigenomic responses could be key mechanisms to explain the benefits associated with olive oil consumption.…”

Recent transcriptomics advances and emerging applications in food science

“…Intervention study Applied Biosystems --Virgin olive oil induced the expression of genes associated with atherosclerosis development and progression [120] Mild restriction of food intake Rats Affymetrix DAVID -Long-term energy restriction induced Cyp4A14 and PPARa gene expression [121] Fasting and refeeding Rats Agilent (Cy3, Cy5) Metacore, Ermine J -The expression of the genes involved in energy metabolism was altered by the feeding conditions [122] Rosemary extract K562 cell line Affymetrix IPA -Rosemary extract regulated changes in the expression of genes regulated by Myc transcription factor [123] Kiwifruit extract Mice Agilent (Cy3, Cy5) GSEA -Kiwifruit extract affected the expression of genes involved in immune signaling pathways and metabolic processes in colon [124] Milk and yogurt Intervention study Agilent (Cy3) GenMAPP, MAPPfinder, MetaCore, GSEA -Milk and yogurt down-regulated genes involved in protein biosynthesis and mitochondrial activities at 2 h, whereas opposite kinetics were observed for genes linked to inflammatory and apoptotic processes [125] Red meat Intervention study Agilent (Cy3) MetaCore -High consumption of red meat induced changes in genes involved in DNA damage repair, cell cycle, and apoptosis pathways [126] Rosemary extract HT29/SW480 cell lines Affymetrix IPA, GSEA -Rosemary extract induced the expression of genes that encode antioxidant phase II enzymes [127] realize its full potential in food science. Despite the extraordinary reductions in cost per sequenced base associated with SGS compared with more conventional sequencing methods, the application of RNA-seq to survey the transcriptome (structure and expression levels) is still expensive.…”

The intake of a high-fat diet and grape seed procyanidins induces gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of hamsters: capturing alterations in lipid and cholesterol metabolisms

“…The use of these cells in nutrition-related studies is increasing due to the number of different studies performed in both animals and humans that have demonstrated the relationship of PBMCs-captured metabolic changes with the fasting and feeding cycles (Bouwens et al 2007;Caimari et al 2010a, b;Oliver et al 2013) and with the intake of specific nutrients or bioactive food compounds such as fatty acids, proteins, carbohydrates and polyphenols (van Erk et al 2006;Crujeiras et al 2008;Bouwens et al 2009;Konstantinidou et al 2009;Khymenets et al 2009;Bouwens et al 2010;Camargo et al 2010;Rudkowska et al 2011;Van Dijk et al 2012a, b;Tomé-Carneiro et al 2013;van der Velpen et al 2013; Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12263-014-0438-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Afman et al 2014).…”

“…In this context, our group and others have reported many healthy beneficial effects of a grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) (rich in monomers and oligomers of flavan-3-ols, the most abundant polyphenols in the human diet), on different pathologies clustered within the metabolic syndrome, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, obesity, hypertension and inflammation (Del Bas et al 2005;Pinent et al 2006;Quesada et al 2009;Bladé et al 2010;Terra et al 2011;Belcaro et al 2013;Caimari et al 2013). Interestingly, some studies have shown that polyphenols, which may be isolated or included in extracts or foods, such as olive oil and cocoa, are also able to regulate the gene expression profiles of PBMCs (Konstantinidou et al 2009;Khymenets et al 2009;Camargo et al 2010;Crescenti et al 2013;Tomé-Carneiro et al 2013;van der Velpen et al 2013). However, to the best of our knowledge, only one study has reported gene expression changes of PBMCs after the consumption of a grape seed extract rich in polyphenols in combination with resveratrol in hypertensive men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (Tomé-Carneiro et al 2013).…”