Monomeric C-Reactive Protein in Serum With Markedly Elevated CRP Levels Shares Common Calcium-Dependent Ligand Binding Properties With an in vitro Dissociated Form of C-Reactive Protein

Williams, R. D.; Moran, Jennifer A.; Fryer, Anthony A.; Littlejohn, Jamie R.; Williams, Harry M.; Greenhough, Trevor J.; Shrive, A.K.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00115

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Frontiers in Marine Science | www.frontiersin.org acute inflammatory response, with a significant enhancement of serum CRP and SAA levels following organism inflammation, injury, or infection (Pepys et al, 1978;Lindhorst et al, 1997;Pepys and Hirschfield, 2003;MacCarthy et al, 2008;Rosani et al, 2016;Franco-Martinez et al, 2019;Bello-Perez et al, 2020;Gursky, 2020;Williams et al, 2020). Derebe et al (2014) reported that vitamin A deficiency may lead to an immune deficiency in mice with decreasing the abundances of SAAs in small intestine and liver.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-Dependent Effects of Histamine on Growth, Immunity and Intestinal Health in Juvenile Grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

Liu

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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A 56 day feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of different levels of dietary histamine on growth performance, immune response, and intestinal health of grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Seven isonitrogenous (46%), isolipidic (10%) diets were prepared with histamine supplement levels of 0 (T0), 0.05% (T1), 0.1% (T2), 0.15% (T3), 0.2% (T4), 0.25% (T5), and 0.3% (T6), respectively. The results showed that histamine supplementation had no significant effects on weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion rate (FCR), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and survival rate (SR) at the initial feeding period (day 0–28), but WGR and SGR had negative linear responses to the dietary histamine level at the whole feeding period (day 0–56), and a significant decrease was observed in groups T5 and T6 compared with T0 (P < 0.05). Supplementation of histamine decreased antioxidant capacity, immune response, the contents of serum interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), intestinal-type fatty acid-binding protein (FABP2) and intestinal trefoil factor (ITF), and caused serious damage of intestine with significantly decreased VH and MFH of grouper, especially in fish fed with diets supplemented with high doses of histamine (0.25 and 0.3%). The intestinal microbial communities in treatments were different clearly with the control (T0), in terms of beta (β)-diversity boxplots and UPGMA phylogenetic tree based on unweighted unifrac distance. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Fusobacteria was lower in group T0, while the abundance of Firmicutes was significantly lower in groups T5 and T6 (P < 0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundance of uncultured_bacterium_f_Bacteroidales_S24-7_group, uncultured_bacterium_f_Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminiclostridium were significantly higher in the control, while the abundance of Cetobacterium was significantly higher in groups T5 and T6 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study suggested that up to 0.2% of dietary histamine did not result in a remarkable reduction in growth, immune response, and intestinal health; however, 0.25% or more dietary histamine could cause significant negative effects on growth performance, immune response, and intestinal health in E. coioides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-Dependent Effects of Histamine on Growth, Immunity and Intestinal Health in Juvenile Grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

Liu

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…CRP can be identified in three different forms: 1) nCRP, 2) Non-native pentameric CRP (nnCRP), and 3) Monomeric CRP (mCRP) ( 118 – 126 ). Native nCRP can irreversibly dissociate at sites of inflammation/infection into five separate mCRP monomers, each containing 206 amino acids with a molecular mass of about 23 kDa ( 118 – 123 , 130 , 133 , 145 – 161 ). The different CRP isoforms may explain their protective and destructive effects, with nCRP being predominantly anti-inflammatory inducing Th2/M2 responses, while mCRP being mainly proinflammatory inducing Th1/M1 responses ( 146 , 161 – 165 ).…”

Section: C-reactive Protein and The Coronavirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern Recognition Proteins: First Line of Defense Against Coronaviruses

Labarrere

Kassab

2021

Front. Immunol.

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The rapid outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China, has become a worldwide pandemic affecting almost 204 million people and causing more than 4.3 million deaths as of August 11 2021. This pandemic has placed a substantial burden on the global healthcare system and the global economy. Availability of novel prophylactic and therapeutic approaches are crucially needed to prevent development of severe disease leading to major complications both acutely and chronically. The success in fighting this virus results from three main achievements: (a) Direct killing of the SARS-CoV-2 virus; (b) Development of a specific vaccine, and (c) Enhancement of the host’s immune system. A fundamental necessity to win the battle against the virus involves a better understanding of the host’s innate and adaptive immune response to the virus. Although the role of the adaptive immune response is directly involved in the generation of a vaccine, the role of innate immunity on RNA viruses in general, and coronaviruses in particular, is mostly unknown. In this review, we will consider the structure of RNA viruses, mainly coronaviruses, and their capacity to affect the lungs and the cardiovascular system. We will also consider the effects of the pattern recognition protein (PRP) trident composed by (a) Surfactant proteins A and D, mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and complement component 1q (C1q), (b) C-reactive protein, and (c) Innate and adaptive IgM antibodies, upon clearance of viral particles and apoptotic cells in lungs and atherosclerotic lesions. We emphasize on the role of pattern recognition protein immune therapies as a combination treatment to prevent development of severe respiratory syndrome and to reduce pulmonary and cardiovascular complications in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and summarize the need of a combined therapeutic approach that takes into account all aspects of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 disease to allow mankind to beat this pandemic killer.

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“…When pCRP binds to an activated membrane, biochemical forces contribute to dissociation of the pentamer which induces a pronounced structural rearrangement exposing a cryptic binding site on the dissociated CRP subunits for cholesterol molecules found in lipid rafts. Dissociated CRP subunits are described as "monomeric, modified" CRP (i.e., abbreviated as "mCRP") (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). The mCRP isoform is antigenically distinctive from the pCRP isoform and has significantly reduced aqueous solubility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How C-Reactive Protein Structural Isoforms With Distinctive Bioactivities Affect Disease Progression

2020

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C-reactive protein (CRP) is a widely known, hepatically synthesized protein whose blood levels change rapidly and pronouncedly in response to any tissue damaging event associated with an inflammatory response. The synthesis and secretion of CRP is stimulated by interleukin-6, an early pleiotropic cytokine released by macrophages, endothelial, and other cells that are activated when localized normal tissue structures are compromised by trauma or disease. Serum CRP levels can change rapidly and robustly from 10-100-fold within 6-72 h of any tissue damaging event. Elevated blood levels correlate with the onset and extent of both activated inflammation and the acute phase biochemical response to the tissue insult. Because its functional bioactivity as the prototypic acute phase reactant has eluded clear definition for decades, diagnosticians of various conditions and diseases use CRP blood levels as a simple index for ongoing inflammation. In many pathologies, which involves many different tissues, stages of disease, treatments, and responses to treatments, its interpretive diagnostic value requires a deeper understanding of the localized tissue processes and events that contribute signals which regulate protective or pathological host defense bioactivities. This report presents concepts that describe how local tissue activation events can lead to a non-proteolytic, conformational rearrangement of CRP into a unique isoform with distinctive solubility, antigenicity, binding reactivities and bioactivities from that protein widely known and measured in serum. By describing factors that control the expression, tissue localization, half-life and pro-inflammatory amplification activity of this CRP isoform, a unifying explanation for the diagnostic significance of CRP measurement in disease is advanced.

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Monomeric C-Reactive Protein in Serum With Markedly Elevated CRP Levels Shares Common Calcium-Dependent Ligand Binding Properties With an in vitro Dissociated Form of C-Reactive Protein

Cited by 22 publications

References 37 publications

Dose-Dependent Effects of Histamine on Growth, Immunity and Intestinal Health in Juvenile Grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

Dose-Dependent Effects of Histamine on Growth, Immunity and Intestinal Health in Juvenile Grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

Pattern Recognition Proteins: First Line of Defense Against Coronaviruses

How C-Reactive Protein Structural Isoforms With Distinctive Bioactivities Affect Disease Progression

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