Monolithic poly(p-methylstyrene-co-1,2-bis(p-vinylphenyl)ethane) capillary columns as novel styrene stationary phases for biopolymer separation

Trojer, Lukas; Lubbad, Said H.; Bisjak, Clemens P.; Bonn, Guenther K.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.051

Cited by 52 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Whereas polystyrene-based monoliths have been popular in HPLC [2][3][4], their use in CEC has been limited as noted previously [5][6][7]. This limitation has been attributed to unfavorable reactivity ratios characterizing copolymerization of hydrophobic aromatic monomers possessing ionizable functionalities needed to generate EOF [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Naphthyl methacrylate‐phenylene diacrylate‐based monolithic column for reversed‐phase capillary electrochromatography via hydrophobic and π interactions

Karenga

Rassi

2010

Electrophoresis

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A neutral naphthyl methacrylate-phenylene diacrylate-based monolith (NPM) was introduced for RP-CEC of various neutral and charged solute probes via hydrophobic and π interactions. The NPM column was prepared by the in situ polymerization of naphthyl methacrylate as the functional monomer and 1,4-phenylene diacrylate (PDA) as the crosslinker in a ternary porogenic solvent containing cyclohexanol, dodecanol and water. The NPM column exhibited cathodal EOF despite the fact that it was devoid of any fixed charges. NPM exhibited stronger EOF than its counterpart naphthyl methacrylate monolith (NMM) made from the in situ polymerization of naphthyl methacrylate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM). As for NMM, it is believed that the EOF arises from the adsorption of mobile phase ions onto the monolith surface. The higher EOF exhibited by NPM may be attributed to the acrylate nature of PDA as compared to the methacrylate nature of TRIM, and therefore PDA has a higher binding capacity for mobile phase ions due to its higher polarity than TRIM. The adsorption of mobile phase ions together with the additional π interactions offered by the aromatic rings of the NPM matrix modulated solute retention and separation selectivity. The applications of NPM were demonstrated by the separation of a wide range of small and large solutes including peptides, tryptic peptide maps and proteins.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Naphthyl methacrylate‐phenylene diacrylate‐based monolithic column for reversed‐phase capillary electrochromatography via hydrophobic and π interactions

Karenga

Rassi

2010

Electrophoresis

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“…Although columns packed with microparticulate stationary phase remains the gold standard in peptide separations [21], excellent results have also been obtained using columns containing both C 18 silica and poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) monoliths [20,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. In contrast, methacrylate-based monolithic columns only gave satisfactory results in the separation of proteins [30], but their use in the separation of peptides has met with limited success due to the weak retention and limited resolution of the columns [28,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the porous structure and polarity of polymethacrylate‐based monolithic capillary columns for the LC‐MS separation of enzymatic digests

Eeltink

Geiser

Švec

et al. 2007

J of Separation Science

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The porous structure as well as the polarity of methacrylate ester based monolithic stationary phases have been optimized to achieve the separation of various peptide mixtures originating from enzymatic digests. The porous structure, determined by the size of both pores and microglobules, was varied through changes in the composition of porogenic solvents in the polymerization mixture, while the polarity was controlled through the incorporation of butyl, lauryl, or octadecyl methacrylate in the polymer backbone. Both the morphology and the chemistry of the monoliths had a significant effect on the retention and efficiency of the capillary columns. The best resolution of peptidic fragments obtained by digestion of cytochrome c with trypsin in solution was obtained in gradient LC-MS mode using a monolithic capillary column of poly(lauryl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) featuring small pores and small microglobules. Raising the temperature to 60°C enabled separations to be carried out at higher flow rates. Separations carried out at 60°C with a steeper gradient proceeded without loss of performance in half the time required for a comparable separation at room temperature. Our preparation technique affords monolithic columns with excellent column-tocolumn and run-to-run repeatability of retention times and pressure drops.

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“…One of the largest areas of use of latexcoated polymeric monoliths use has been in CEC. Capillary polymeric monoliths have also been prepared for biopolymer separation [100], tailored with anion exchangers for nucleotide and oligonucleotide separations [101], tailored with cation exchangers for peptide separation [102], used for hydrophobic interaction chromatography [103] and used or prepared for several other separations [104 -106]. The majority of CEC research has been focused on separating biological or macromolecules.…”

Section: Latex-modified Polymer Monolithsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in ion chromatography using monolithic columns

Chambers

Glenn

Lucy³

2007

J of Separation Science

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The focus of this review is on current status and on-going developments in ion chromatography (IC) using monolithic phases. The use and potential of both silica and polymeric monoliths in IC is discussed, with silica monoliths achieving efficiencies upwards of 10(5) plates/m for inorganic ions in a few minutes or less. Ion exchange capacity can be introduced onto the monolithic columns through the addition of ion interaction reagents to the eluent, coating of the monolith with ionic surfactants or polyelectrolyte latexes, and covalent bonding. The majority of the studies to date have used surfactant-coated columns, but the stability of surfactant coatings limits this approach. Applications of monolithic IC columns to the separation of inorganic anions and cations are tabulated. Finally, a discussion on the recent commercialization of monolithic IC columns and the use of monolithic phases for IC peripherals such as preconcentrator columns, microextractors and suppressors is presented.

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Monolithic poly(p-methylstyrene-co-1,2-bis(p-vinylphenyl)ethane) capillary columns as novel styrene stationary phases for biopolymer separation

Cited by 52 publications

References 28 publications

Naphthyl methacrylate‐phenylene diacrylate‐based monolithic column for reversed‐phase capillary electrochromatography via hydrophobic and π interactions

Naphthyl methacrylate‐phenylene diacrylate‐based monolithic column for reversed‐phase capillary electrochromatography via hydrophobic and π interactions

Optimization of the porous structure and polarity of polymethacrylate‐based monolithic capillary columns for the LC‐MS separation of enzymatic digests

Developments in ion chromatography using monolithic columns

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