Monolithic Phases for Ion Chromatography

Abstract

Monolithic media are continuing to increase in popularity in chromatographic applications, and the ongoing use of commercially available materials in ion chromatography (IC) has made monoliths a viable alternative to packed-bed columns for routine use. We discuss different strategies for the synthesis of polymeric and silica monoliths with ion-exchange functionality, such as direct incorporation of ion-exchange functionality during monolith preparation and different postpolymerization alterations such as grafting and coating. The formulations and strategies presented are focused on materials intended for use in IC. We also discuss strategies for materials characterization, with emphasis on nondestructive techniques for the characterization of monolith surface functionality, especially those with applicability to in situ analysis. Finally, we describe selected IC applications of polymeric and silica monoliths published from 2008 to 2010.

Fabrication of a poly(vinyl alcohol) monolith via thermally impacted non-solvent-induced phase separation

“…1,2 In the last two decades, considerable attention has been given to monoliths because of their excellent permeability, fast mass transfer performance, high stability and ease of chemical modification. [3][4][5] On the basis of these favorable properties, monolithic materials can be used for chromatography, [6][7][8] oil removal, 9 biomolecule immobilization, 10 controlled drug release 11 and supported catalysis. [12][13][14][15] Monoliths can be divided into polymer-based and silica-based types.…”

Cryostructuring of Polymeric Systems. 55. Retrospective View on the More than 40 Years of Studies Performed in the A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds with Respect of the Cryostructuring Processes in Polymeric Systems

“…Currently, the studies on cryostructuring processes and the development of related novel polymeric materials are intensively carried out in many countries. This assertion is illustrated by the origins of the respective review articles published by authors from all continents (excluding Antarctica, of course): Africa [ 71 ], Asia [ 8 , 10 , 11 , 14 , 18 , 20 , 24 , 25 , 30 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 42 , 45 , 48 , 49 , 53 , 62 , 69 , 70 , 73 , 78 , 80 , 83 , 84 , 102 , 106 , 108 , 117 , 122 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 142 , 143 , 145 ], Australia [ 59 , 119 , 126 , 127 ], Europe [ 6 , 7 , 19 , 21 , 22 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 40 , 41 ,…”

“…However, a more extensive development had a biotechnological direction related to the application of various wide-pore cryogels and cryostructurates in the bioseparation processes, i.e., upon the specific detection, isolation, and purification of the diverse biological molecules and bioparticles (protein bodies, plasmids, viruses, cell organelles, and whole cells) [ 5 , 12 , 13 , 90 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 98 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 ]. Among the numerous experimental studies, there are two frequently-quoted pioneering publications [ 339 , 340 ] that served as a real basis for further development of new materials and processes in the bioseparation field.…”

Pipette tip micro‐solid phase extraction (octyl‐functionalized hybrid silica monolith) and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry to determine cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol in plasma samples

“…This bimodal combination provides high permeability, low backpressure, and large surface areas for high mass transfers [34,35]. Depending on the starting composition of the precursors in the synthesis, the monolithic materials can be separated into two major categories, polymer-based (organic) or silicabased (inorganic) materials [33,36]. An alternative to these materials, hybrid organic-inorganic monoliths, has been developed via a sol-gel process, to combine the advantages of organic polymers and silica-based monoliths [37].…”