Monolithic Perovskite–Perovskite–Organic Triple-Junction Solar Cells with a Voltage Output Exceeding 3 V

Abstract

Monolithic integration of perovskite−perovskite−organic subcells yields a triple-junction solar cell with a record opencircuit voltage of 3.03 V and a power conversion efficiency of 19.4%. The proposed triple-junction architecture represents a milestone toward scalable photovoltaics, targeting efficiencies beyond the limit of single-junction devices.

Monolithic Two-Terminal Perovskite/Perovskite/Silicon Triple-Junction Solar Cells with Open Circuit Voltage >2.8 V

“…The SHJ bottom cell in this work has a V OC of ∼0.73 V. Therefore, there is negligible voltage loss in the final triple-junction devices, which shows the high quality of the recombination layers between the subcells. We note that higher V OC values have been reported for triple-junction solar cells using a perovskite or organic bottom cell. , However, a voltage difference is expected between the technologies, as the silicon solar cell has a lower voltage compared to the other two bottom cells with bandgaps of 1.2 and 1.3 eV for perovskite and organic solar cells, respectively. , …”

“…We note that higher V OC values have been reported for triplejunction solar cells using a perovskite or organic bottom cell. 31,32 However, a voltage difference is expected between the technologies, as the silicon solar cell has a lower voltage compared to the other two bottom cells with bandgaps of 1.2 and 1.3 eV for perovskite and organic solar cells, respectively. 31,32 On a final note, we noticed that even though the adapted processing minimizes the damage to the middle cell, in order to have better process reproducibility, it is crucial to improve the solvent barrier function of the interlayers.…”

“…31,32 However, a voltage difference is expected between the technologies, as the silicon solar cell has a lower voltage compared to the other two bottom cells with bandgaps of 1.2 and 1.3 eV for perovskite and organic solar cells, respectively. 31,32 On a final note, we noticed that even though the adapted processing minimizes the damage to the middle cell, in order to have better process reproducibility, it is crucial to improve the solvent barrier function of the interlayers. From the SEM top-view image (see Figure S8), island-like growth of the 1 nm Au on silicon is obvious, similar to what has been previously shown for 1 nm silver (Ag) layers.…”

Recent progress in monolithic two-terminal perovskite-based triple-junction solar cells

“…162 The perovskite/perovskite/organic triple-junction solar cell also employed only 2 nm IZO as the recombination layer between perovskite middle cell and top cell. 16 Palmstrom et al attempted to produce recombination layer-free all-perovskite dual-junction solar cells. However, based on their results at least 5-15 nm of IZO is needed to achieve high FF.…”

“…1 A bottom cell with such a low bandgap is demonstrated with III–V materials. 2 Perovskite solar cells with a bandgap around 1.20 eV 14,24,25 and organic solar cells around 1.30 eV 16 have been employed as bottom cells in triple-junction applications. Fig.…”