Monolithic diamond optics for single photon detection

Siyushev, Petr; Kaiser, Florian; Jacques, Vincent; Gerhardt, Ilja; Bischof, S.; Fedder, Helmut; Dodson, Joe; Markham, Matthew; Twitchen, Daniel J.; Jelezko, Fedor; Wrachtrup, Jörg

doi:10.1063/1.3519849

Cited by 114 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Single defect centers in diamond have been recognized as ideal building blocks for an integrated platform [8,9]. They provide optical stability, even at room temperature, high emission rate of single photons [10][11][12], and a long electron spin coherence time [13,14]. Their capability of integration into photonic or plasmonic nanostrutures has been demonstrated in principle [15][16][17][18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A nanodiamond-tapered fiber system with high single-mode coupling efficiency

Schröder¹,

Fujiwara²,

Noda³

et al. 2012

Opt. Express

102

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Abstract:We present a fiber-coupled diamond-based single photon system. Single nanodiamonds containing nitrogen vacancy defect centers are deposited on a tapered fiber of 273 nanometer in diameter providing a record-high number of 689,000 single photons per second from a defect center in a single-mode fiber. The system can be cooled to cryogenic temperatures and coupled evanescently to other nanophotonic structures, such as microresonators. The system is suitable for integrated quantum transmission experiments, two-photon interference, quantum-randomnumber generation and nano-magnetometry.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

A nanodiamond-tapered fiber system with high single-mode coupling efficiency

Schröder¹,

Fujiwara²,

Noda³

et al. 2012

Opt. Express

102

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“…We note that infidelities in our DQ pulses reduce the spin contrast within this subspace, limiting the utility of protecting only one sublevel in an unpolarized hyperfine manifold. Higher fidelity pulsing protocols or more efficient photon collection [34] could increase the signal-to-noise ratio, which would make the lengthy coherence of the {|m, ↓ , |p, ↓ } qubit a valuable asset.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous dynamical decoupling of a single diamond nitrogen-vacancy center spin with a mechanical resonator

et al. 2015

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Inhomogeneous dephasing from uncontrolled environmental noise can limit the coherence of a quantum sensor or qubit. For solid state spin qubits such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, a dominant source of environmental noise is magnetic field fluctuations due to nearby paramagnetic impurities and instabilities in a magnetic bias field. In this work, we use ac stress generated by a diamond mechanical resonator to engineer a dressed spin basis in which a single NV center qubit is less sensitive to its magnetic environment. For a qubit in the thermally isolated subspace of this protected basis, we prolong the dephasing time T * 2 from 2.7 ± 0.1 µs to 15 ± 1 µs by dressing with a Ω = 581 ± 2 kHz mechanical Rabi field. Furthermore, we develop a model that quantitatively predicts the relationship between Ω and T * 2 in the dressed basis. Our model suggests that a combination of magnetic field fluctuations and hyperfine coupling to nearby nuclear spins limits the protected coherence time over the range of Ω accessed here. We show that amplitude noise in Ω will dominate the dephasing for larger driving fields.PACS numbers: 76.30. Mi, 63.20.kp, 76.60.Jx The triplet spin of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond has become a foundational component in both quantum metrology and future quantum information technologies. For sensing, the inhomogeneous dephasing time T * 2 of an NV center spin qubit can limit sensitivity to quasi-static fields. For quantum information applications, T * 2 can limit the number and the duration of gate operations that a qubit can undergo. Pulsed dynamical decoupling (PDD) techniques based on the principle of spin echoes refocus inhomogeneous dephasing and can extend T * 2 to the homogeneous spin dephasing time T 2 or longer [1][2][3][4][5][6]. These periodic pulse sequences enable precision sensing and long-lived quantum states, but they come with drawbacks. They usually limit sensing to a narrow bandwidth and erase signal built up from quasistatic fields. Moreover, commuting echo pulses with gate operations makes decoupling during multi-qubit gates a nontrivial task [7].Continuous dynamical decoupling (CDD) offers an alternative method for prolonging T * 2 that can be used when the limitations of PDD become too restrictive. NV center CDD protocols forego the standard Zeeman spin state basis {(m s =) + 1, 0, −1} in favor of an engineered basis in which the "dressed" eigenstates are less sensitive to environmental noise than the bare spin states [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. For an NV center spin qubit, magnetic field fluctuations from nearby paramagnetic impurities and instabilities in a magnetic bias field typically dominate dephasing. A qubit composed of dressed states designed to be more robust to these fluctuations could have a prolonged T * 2 and could be used for precision sensing of quasi-static, nonmagnetic fields such as temperature [17] or strain. For quantum information processing, CDD allows decoupling to continue during gate operations, thus protecting both...

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“…However, this improved photon collection efficiency is limited to NVs lying <30 μm from the center of a macroscopic SIL. 18 For a larger field of view, or for large-volume ensemble measurements in bulk diamond, a different collection-enhancement technique is required.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…5 However, NVs in diamond nanostructures typically have much shorter spin coherence times 16 than those in bulk diamond. 3,17 One approach to increase η c for NVs in bulk diamond is to construct a solid-immersion lens (SIL) out of the diamond substrate, using either macroscopic 18 or microscopic 19 fabrication techniques. Light from NVs at the center of a hemispherical diamond SIL passes through the surface at normal incidence, allowing 20% < η c < 30%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient photon detection from color centers in a diamond optical waveguide

et al. 2012

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A common limitation of experiments using color centers in diamond is the poor photon collection efficiency of microscope objectives due to refraction at the diamond interface. We present a simple and effective technique to detect a large fraction of photons emitted by color centers within a planar diamond sample by detecting light that is guided to the edges of the diamond via total internal reflection. We describe a prototype device using this "side-collection" technique, which provides photon collection efficiency ≈ 47% and photon detection efficiency ≈ 39%. We apply the enhanced signal-to-noise ratio gained from side-collection to AC magnetometry using ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers, and demonstrate AC magnetic field sensitivity ≈ 100 pT/ √ Hz, limited by added noise in the prototype side-collection device. Technical optimization should allow significant further improvements in photon collection and detection efficiency as well as sub-picotesla NV-diamond magnetic field sensitivity using the side-collection technique.

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Monolithic diamond optics for single photon detection

Cited by 114 publications

References 21 publications

A nanodiamond-tapered fiber system with high single-mode coupling efficiency

A nanodiamond-tapered fiber system with high single-mode coupling efficiency

Continuous dynamical decoupling of a single diamond nitrogen-vacancy center spin with a mechanical resonator

Efficient photon detection from color centers in a diamond optical waveguide

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