Monolayer anthracene and anthraquinone modified electrodes as platforms for Trametes hirsuta laccase immobilisation

Abstract

Surface modification techniques are essential to the construction of enzyme based elements of biofuel cells and biosensors. In this article we report on the preparation and characterisation of modified carbon electrodes which were used as supports for the immobilisation of laccase from Trametes hirsuta. The electrodes were electrochemically modified with diamine or diazonium linkers followed by attachment of either anthracene or anthraquinone head groups using solid phase chemical methodology. These well defined surfaces were found to effectively bind laccase and to provide direct electrical contact to the enzyme active site, as evidenced by XPS, EIS and voltammetry, respectively. The influence of the type of linker and head group on enzyme binding and bioelectrocatalytic activity are evaluated.

Efficiency of Site‐Specific Clicked Laccase–Carbon Nanotubes Biocathodes towards O2 Reduction

“…For example, Armstrong and co‐workers have taken advantage of the hydrophobicity of several amino acids nearby the T1 copper center of a laccase from Trametes versicolor to obtain its self‐immobilization on a pyrolytic graphite electrode surface modified with polycyclic aromatics as substrate mimics . Similar strategies have been successfully exploited to immobilize enzymes at the surface of gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene sheets . Nowadays, a variety of chemical reactions are available to introduce different functionalities at the surface of these conductive materials.…”

Anthraquinone and L-amino Acid Derivatives Schiff Base Cu(II) Complexes as a Mediator between Cathode of Biofuel Cell and Oxygen-reducing Laccase

“…However, it is very difficult to control these factors in enzyme. On the other hand, a method of improving the electron transfer rate between the enzyme and the electrode has also been proposed [10,11].…”

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Characterization of Chemically Modified Electrodes Used as Chemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Review

“…Bartlett et al prepared some modified GC electrodes suitable as support for the immobilization of the laccase enzyme Trametes hirsuta (ThL) [75]. Six surface modifications were tested by attaching three different linkers and two terminal groups containing either anthracene or anthraquinone moieties.…”