Monographs on fragrance raw materials

Opdyke, D.L.J.

doi:10.1016/0015-6264(79)90012-9

Cited by 66 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, methyl formate can be hydrolyzed to formic acid (39,40) or catalytically isomerized to acetic acid (38). On the other hand, alkyl formates have been employed in the perfume and fragrance industry in amounts of approximately 1000 to 3000 lb/year (43)(44)(45)(46). Among the formates that have been commonly used for these purposes are: octyl (4j3), heptyl (44), ethyl (45), and amyl (46) formates.…”

Section: Catalytic Processes Using Co Promoted By Transition Metal Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past few years, formate esters have become an important class of organic compounds mainly because of their versatility as chemical feedstock (16,(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42), and as raw materials for the perfume and fragrance industry (43)(44)(45)(46). Specifically, formate esters (methyl, ethyl, pentyl, etc) have been used as starting material for the production of aldehydes (36), ketones (36), carboxylic acids (37)(38)(39)(40), and amides (4,2).…”

Section: Catalytic Processes Using Co Promoted By Transition Metal Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Metal-Induced Transformations of Carbon Dioxide

Darensbourg¹,

Bauch²,

Ovalles³

1988

ACS Symposium Series

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The activation of carbon dioxide by homogeneous and heterogeneous metal catalysts, as well as the nature of the stoichiometric insertion processes of these cata lysts, are examined. The kinetic and mechanistic aspects of CO 2 insertion into the M-X bond of M(CO) 5 Xcomplexes (M = W, Cr and X = H, alkyl, aryl, aryloxy, and alkoxy) is investigated. The mechanism of CO 2 insertion in these systems is described as an associa tive interchange (I a ) type mechanism where prior loss of coordinated CO is not involved in the insertion process. The homogeneous catalytic transformations of CO 2 involve the formation of alkyl formates from alcohols and alkyl halides using the anionic tungsten complexes, W(CO) 5 Y -(Y = -OOCCH3-, -μ-H-W(CO) 5 -, and -Cl -), as catalysts. Alumina supported ruthenium clusters were studied for the effect of cluster nuclearity on the rate of CO 2 methanation. It was found that the reactivity paralleled the nuclearity of the catalyst precursor.The chemistry of one-carbon molecules (better known as Cj chemistry) is a very exciting area of research for the organometallic chemist. The motivation for these efforts stems from the belief that the raw material base for commercial organic chemicals will shift from oil to coal, in the near future, due to the decline of petroleum reserves. (1-5). Of the raw materials for the C x -based industry, carbon monoxide is the most commonly used and a great deal of the current research effort is designed to investigate the activation of this moleculeAn alternative source of chemical carbon is carbon dioxide, which is the cheapest and most abundant of the C l molecules (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). This single-carbon species has been widely neglected mainly because it is regarded as a highly stable molecule. For example, it is the thermodynamic end-product of many energy producing processes, the most prominent being the combustion of hydrocarbons. Nevertheless, there are many thermodynamically favorable reactions of C0 2 which provide useful organic substances (Equations 1-3). The standard

show abstract

Section: Catalytic Processes Using Co Promoted By Transition Metal Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Catalytic Processes Using Co Promoted By Transition Metal Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-Induced Transformations of Carbon Dioxide

Darensbourg¹,

Bauch²,

Ovalles³

1988

ACS Symposium Series

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids: Saturated

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aliphatic carboxylic acids (ACA) include many chemicals with a wide range of biological and industrial functions. Many are nutritionally important, occur naturally, and take part in normal biochemical processes. ACA are commercially important with annual production of over 3, 1, and 1 billion lbs/year for acetic, formic, and acrylic acids alone, respectively. Generally, ACA are of no serious concern, except at very high levels of experimental or accidental exposures, many are designated as GRAS. Primary adverse effects are irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes from acute exposures to strong water‐soluble acids that can penetrate the skin or those that can volatilize like short‐chain formic, acetic, and propionic acids; dermal sensitization is rare. Saturated ACA are used in a variety of applications, such as in the production of synthetic fiber, resins, plastics, and dyes. Several acids and their esters are important chemical intermediates or solvents and are used in cosmetics or food applications as pH modifiers, preservatives, and antioxidants. Saturated, straight‐chain monocarboxylic acids are metabolized by the β‐oxidation pathway until acetate, propionate, or butyrate are formed which are utilized for energy production via TCA cycle or converted to acetoacetate and subsequently to other ketone bodies, which can be oxidized or excreted in the urine. Propionate originates from odd‐chain acids and is converted to carbohydrates and, unlike acetate, into lipids. This chapter covers 33 ACA their toxicity and workplace exposure limits under a number of regulatory agencies based on the available data.

show abstract

Cinnamic Acid, Cinnamaldehyde, and Cinnamyl Alcohol

Eilerman

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cinnamic acid, Cinnamaldehyde, and Cinnamyl Alcohol. Eilerman, Robert G. (Givaudon‐Roure Corp.). The earliest references to cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde, and cinnamyl alcohol are associated with their isolation and identification as odor‐producing constituents in a variety of botanical extracts. Widespread use of cinnamic derivatives, principally in flavor and fragrance compositions, has resulted in the development of straightforward methods for the production of their synthetic equivalents. Commercial processes have focused on condensation reactions between benzaldehyde and a number of active methylene compounds for assembly of the requisite carbon skeleton. The presence of a disubstituted carbon‐carbon double bond in the side chain of these chemicals gives rise to the existence of two distinct stereoisomers, referred to as the cis ( Z ) and trans ( E ) isomers. Cinnamic acid is manufactured by the Perkin rection. The olfactive properties of cinnamate esters are well suited to fragrance applications in soaps and cosmetics. The essential oils from several varieties of cinnamon bark contain cinnamaldehyde as a primary component. This aldehyde is produced exclusively by the base‐catalyzed condensation of benzaldehyde with acetaldehyde. It is used primarily in baked goods, chewing gum, and pharmaceutical products, ie, toothpaste and mouthwash, where a spicy, cinnamon character is required. Cinnamyl alcohol and its derivatives are widely employed in perfumery to add balsamic notes to blossom compositions. Its commercial production is accomplished by the reduction of cinnamaldehyde.

show abstract

Monographs on fragrance raw materials

Cited by 66 publications

References 44 publications

Metal-Induced Transformations of Carbon Dioxide

Metal-Induced Transformations of Carbon Dioxide

Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids: Saturated

Cinnamic Acid, Cinnamaldehyde, and Cinnamyl Alcohol

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About