Monographs on fragrance raw materials

Opdyke, D.L.J.

doi:10.1016/s0015-6264(75)80165-9

Cited by 77 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Thus, cinnamic acid exhibits a low toxicity [42]. Other studies have shown that caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cinnamic acid-derivative) exhibits a cytotoxic activity in different oral carcinoma cells [43] and that cinnamic acid protects DNA against fragmentation caused by hydrogen peroxide in V79 cells [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cinnamic acid induces apoptotic cell death and cytoskeleton disruption in human melanoma cells

Niero

Machado-Santelli

2013

J Exp Clin Cancer Res

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Anticancer activities of cinnamic acid derivatives include induction of apoptosis by irreversible DNA damage leading to cell death. The present work aimed to compare the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of cinnamic acid in human melanoma cell line (HT-144) and human melanocyte cell line derived from blue nevus (NGM). Viability assay showed that the IC50 for HT-144 cells was 2.4 mM, while NGM cells were more resistant to the treatment. The growth inhibition was probably associated with DNA damage leading to DNA synthesis inhibition, as shown by BrdU incorporation assay, induction of nuclear aberrations and then apoptosis. The frequency of cell death caused by cinnamic acid was higher in HT-144 cells. Activated-caspase 3 staining showed apoptosis after 24 hours of treatment with cinnamic acid 3.2 mM in HT-144 cells, but not in NGM. We observed microtubules disorganization after cinnamic acid exposure, but this event and cell death seem to be independent according to M30 and tubulin labeling. The frequency of micronucleated HT-144 cells was higher after treatment with cinnamic acid (0.4 and 3.2 mM) when compared to the controls. Cinnamic acid 3.2 mM also increased the frequency of micronucleated NGM cells indicating genotoxic activity of the compound, but the effects were milder. Binucleation and multinucleation counting showed similar results. We conclude that cinnamic acid has effective antiproliferative activity against melanoma cells. However, the increased frequency of micronucleation in NGM cells warrants the possibility of genotoxicity and needs further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cinnamic acid induces apoptotic cell death and cytoskeleton disruption in human melanoma cells

Niero

Machado-Santelli

2013

J Exp Clin Cancer Res

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“…As discussed previously [11], it is unlikely that EOOGinduced cardiovascular changes could be related to a putative toxic effect of this essential oil. In fact, the oral acute toxicity LD 50 values for EUG [23] and 1,8-cineole [24], the major constituents of EOOG, have been found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg [23,24]. Our previous hypothesis that EOOG-induced hypotension results mainly from a vasodilatory action of EOOG directly upon vascular smooth muscle [11] is corroborated by the present in vitro findings showing for the first time that, in aortic rings with intact endothelium from DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, EOOG and its main constituent, EUG, depressed the PHE-induced contractions in a concentration-dependent manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological evidence of calcium‐channel blockade by essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum and its main constituent, eugenol, in isolated aortic rings from DOCA‐salt hypertensive rats

Interaminense

Jucá

Magalhães

et al. 2007

Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma

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Intravenous (i.v.) treatment of conscious DOCA-salt hypertensive rats with the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Labiatae) (EOOG) induced a hypotensive effect that seems related to an active vascular relaxation rather than withdrawal of sympathetic tone. To corroborate this hypothesis, the present study examined the vascular effects of EOOG and its main constituent, eugenol (EUG) and the putative mechanisms underlying these effects. Additionally, the role of the vascular beta(2)-adrenergic mechanism in the mediation of EOOG-induced hypotension has also been investigated. In conscious DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, the EOOG-induced hypotension was reversible and remained unchanged by i.v. pretreatment with propranolol (2 mg/kg). In isolated aorta preparations with intact endothelium from DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, EOOG (1-1000 microg/mL) and EUG (0.006-6 mM) relaxed the phenylephrine-induced contraction similarly with IC(50) [geometric mean (95% confidence interval)] values of 226.9 (147.8-348.3) microg/mL and 1.2 (0.6-2.1) mm, respectively. Vasorelaxant effects of EOOG were significantly altered by removal of the vascular endothelium [IC(50) = 417.2 (349.5-497.8) microg/mL]. In a calcium-free medium, the CaCl(2)-induced contractions were significantly reduced and even abolished by EOOG at 300 and 1000 microg/mL, respectively, whereas EOOG (1000 microg/mL) did not have any significant effect on caffeine-induced contractions. Similar results were obtained with EUG (1.8 and 6 mM) on both CaCl(2)- and caffeine-induced contractions, respectively. The data suggest that hypotensive responses to EOOG in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats are due to an active vascular relaxation, which is partly dependent upon the integrity of the vascular endothelium and seems predominantly mediated through an inhibition of plasmalemmal Ca(2+) influx rather than Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

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“…Coriander-distilled essential oil has been in use as a food flavouring and fragrance ingredient since the 1900s (Opdyke, 1973). Coriander essential oil also has a long history of use as a traditional medicine (Burdock and Carabin, 2009).…”

Section: Information From Previous Exposure To the Nfi Or Its Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the safety of “coriander seed oil” as a Novel Food ingredient

Products¹

2013

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on "coriander seed oil (CSO)" as a novel food ingredient (NFI) in the context of Regulation (EC) No 258/97. Petroselinic acid (PA) is the major fatty acid in CSO. Conventional edible oil technologies are used to manufacture the NFI. The NFI is intended to be marketed as a food supplement for healthy adults, at a maximum level of 600 mg per day (i.e. 8.6 mg/kg bw per day for a 70 kg person), which would lead to significantly higher intakes of CSO and PA than current background intakes. There are no safety concerns regarding genotoxicity. In rats fed high amounts of CSO, increased liver weight, marked to severe fat infiltration in the liver, and lower tissue arachidonic acid concentrations were observed. In the same study, similar affects were observed when feeding other vegetable oils, although not as severe as that seen for CSO. The dose level of CSO was more than a thousand fold higher than the proposed use level. In a subchronic study using 150, 450 or 1 000 mg/kg bw per day of CSO, a treatment-related effect was observed on blood glucose concentrations of male rats. Although this effect was not accompanied by any toxicological findings, its biological relevance is unclear and therefore the Panel considers the dose level of 450 mg/kg bw per day to be the NOAEL in rats. This is more than 50 fold higher than the proposed use level. No treatment-related adverse effect was observed in one human study using the NFI at the proposed use level for six months. The Panel concludes that the novel food ingredient, CSO, is safe under the proposed uses and use levels. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on "coriander seed oil" as a novel food ingredient in the context of Regulation (EC) No 258/97, taking into account the comments and objections of a scientific nature raised by Member States.Coriander seed oil is a triglyceride oil, in which the monounsaturated fatty acid petroselinic acid is the main fatty acid (60-75 % of coriander seed oil). The novel food ingredient (NFI) also contains small quantities of other fatty acids such as linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid. The NFI is manufactured from seeds of Coriandrum sativum L. using conventional edible oil technologies. The applicant provided sufficient information regarding the composition, specification, manufacture and stability of the NFI.Coriander seed oil is intended to be marketed as a food supplement for healthy adults, at a maximum level of 600 mg per day. At this use level, the intake of coriander seed oil from the NFI is estimated to be about 30-40 times higher than estimated current mean background intake of coriander seed oil, while the intake of petroselinic acid is estimated to be about 15 times higher than the intake coming from estimated cur...

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Monographs on fragrance raw materials

Cited by 77 publications

References 5 publications

Cinnamic acid induces apoptotic cell death and cytoskeleton disruption in human melanoma cells

Cinnamic acid induces apoptotic cell death and cytoskeleton disruption in human melanoma cells

Pharmacological evidence of calcium‐channel blockade by essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum and its main constituent, eugenol, in isolated aortic rings from DOCA‐salt hypertensive rats

Scientific Opinion on the safety of “coriander seed oil” as a Novel Food ingredient

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