Monograph of Kadsura (Schisandraceae)

Saunders, Richard M.

doi:10.2307/25096646

Cited by 60 publications

(103 citation statements)

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“…Walker (1976b) described the tectum as resting directly on the nexine, but Takahashi (1994) showed clear columellae connected with a thin nexine, which consists of a foot layer with no visible lamellae at maturity and a granular endexine. Schisandraceae: Praglowski (1977), Saunders (1998Saunders ( , 2000. Praglowski (1977) documented a nexine similar to that of Illicium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their aperture character (61), Doyle & Endress (2000) recognized one state, called trichotomosulcate, for three conditions: a sulcus with four to six branches in Hedyosmum (Chloranthaceae), three colpi usually fused at the distal pole (described as syntricolpate) in Illicium (~Illiciaceae) and some Schisandra species (Schisandraceae), and three fused colpi alternating with three free colpi in Kadsura (Schisandraceae) and other Schisandra species (Praglowski 1977, Saunders 1998. The three fused colpi of the syntricolpate and hexacolpate pollen types differ from the three colpi of eudicots in their ''Garside's law'' arrangement, which corresponds instead to the orientation of the three arms of the sulcus in trichotomosulcate pollen (Huynh 1976b, Doyle et al 1990b).…”

Section: Aperturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the colpi are usually joined at the distal pole (syntricolpate) and oriented according to Garside's rather than Fischer's law, like the arms of a trichotomosulcus, and they alternate with three additional colpi in Kadsura and most but not all Schisandra species (Huynh 1976b, Praglowski 1977, Liu & Yang 1989, Saunders 1998. It has been assumed that the syntricolpate condition of some Schisandra species is ancestral and homologous with the same state in Illicium (Huynh 1976b, Praglowski 1977, Liu & Yang 1989, Doyle et al 1990b), but molecular analyses (Hao et al 2001) indicate that the syntricolpate species are nested within Schisandra and therefore presumably derived from hexacolpate.…”

Section: Ancestral Pollen Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early evolution of angiosperm pollen as inferred from molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses

Doyle¹

2005

Grana

108

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aperturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ancestral Pollen Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early evolution of angiosperm pollen as inferred from molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses

Doyle¹

2005

Grana

108

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“…grows mainly in the northeast China and its mature fruits are famous traditional Chinese medicine recorded in "Chinese Pharmacopoeia". As a traditional medicinal herb, S. chinensis has been used as an astringent curing dry cough, asthma, night sweats, nocturnal seminal emissions and chronic diarrhea [1,2]. Modern medical research had proved that S. chinensis contains multiple active components used to protect liver [3][4][5], prevent senility [6][7][8][9], restrain oxidation [10,11], improve human body immunity ability [12], regulate the central nervous system and so on [13,14].…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of medicinal plant Schisandra chinensis using a potential DNA barcode ITS2

Bing

Han

et al. 2013

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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IntroductionSchisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. grows mainly in the northeast China and its mature fruits are famous traditional Chinese medicine recorded in "Chinese Pharmacopoeia". As a traditional medicinal herb, S. chinensis has been used as an astringent curing dry cough, asthma, night sweats, nocturnal seminal emissions and chronic diarrhea [1,2]. Modern medical research had proved that S. chinensis contains multiple active components used to protect liver [3][4][5], prevent senility [6][7][8][9], restrain oxidation [10,11], improve human body immunity ability [12], regulate the central nervous system and so on [13,14].Commonly S. chinensis and its adulterants are frequently found in the market together. Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. is important traditional Chinese medicine recorded in "Chinese Pharmacopoeia", too, but its active components of the kinds and levels are clearly different from S. chinensis [15]. Conventional viewpoints are that the medicinal value of S. chinensis is better than S. sphenanthera. But the two medicines are often mistaken for each other [16]. The identification of the two species of Schisandra is difficult when based solely on morphological characteristics. Additionally, some limitations in traditional taxonomy prevent this technique from meeting the complicated demands of species recognition [17]. As such, a method for the simple and accurate authentication of Schisandra is indispensible.As yet some works had been done to differentiation or identification of Schisandra species using RAPD, ISSR, rbcL and ITS [18][19][20]. Recently, being part of ITS, ITS2 was relatively easy to be amplified using one pair of universal primers [21,22]. In addition, ITS2 had been found to provide taxonomic signature in systematic evolution [23,24]. The ITS2 region was also a promising potential molecular marker to be used for rapid taxonomic classification [21,22]. To our best knowledge, applying ITS2 region to identify plant materials from Schisandra with such a large sample size and geographic range had not been reported. And these studies were not found whether the ITS2 region could be used as a genomic marker to identify different Schisandra populations from different ecological environment and geographical distribution. In the current study, we utilized ITS2 as a DNA barcode to distinguish medicinal plants within the Schisandra genus and populations in order to ensure their safe, effective application in traditional using. AbstractTo test whether the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region is an effective marker for using in authenticating of the Schisandra chinensis at the species and population levels, separately. And the results showed that the wild populations had higher percentage of individuals that had substitution of C→A at site 86-bp than the cultivated populations. At sites 10-bp, 37-bp, 42-bp and 235-bp, these bases of the Schisandra sphenanthera samples differed from that of S. chinensis. Two species showed higher levels of inter-specific divergence than intra-specif...

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“…In Schisandraceae, tepal number and shape vary somewhat less than in Illiciaceae. The five to 20 tepals are commonly white, cream, or red (Saunders 1998(Saunders , 2000(Saunders , 2001; fig. 1G).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perianth Biology in the Basal Grade of Extant Angiosperms

Endress

2008

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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Perianth structure and behavior were studied comparatively in representatives of all families of the basalmost extant angiosperms (ANITA grade plus Chloranthaceae). In addition, data from the literature were reviewed. Tepal aestivation is spiral imbricate in Amborella and Austrobaileyales, with broadly overlapping flanks; aestivation is mainly contort within each of the two tepal whorls in Cabomba (but open within each whorl and imbricate only between whorls in Brasenia) and is whorled imbricate in Nymphaeaceae. Tepals are absent in Hydatellaceae, Chloranthaceae (other than Hedyosmum), and Ceratophyllaceae. In two genera of Nymphaeales (Cabomba and Nuphar), nectaries are present on inner tepals. Tepals are caducous during or at the end of anthesis in Austrobaileyales. Preformations of the tepal abscission zone in flowers with caducous tepals include a narrow tepal base, constriction as seen in median longitudinal sections, and small-celled tissue. In contrast, the perianth organs of Amborella, Nymphaeales, and Chloranthaceae are not caducous and are associated with a broad tepal base without indentation and often without small-celled tissue. Only in the latter groups are there genera with basally united tepals (Amborella, Cabomba, and Hedyosmum). Perianth structure and behavior were studied comparatively in representatives of all families of the basalmost extant angiosperms (ANITA grade plus Chloranthaceae). In addition, data from the literature were reviewed. Tepal aestivation is spiral imbricate in Amborella and Austrobaileyales, with broadly overlapping flanks; aestivation is mainly contort within each of the two tepal whorls in Cabomba (but open within each whorl and imbricate only between whorls in Brasenia) and is whorled imbricate in Nymphaeaceae. Tepals are absent in Hydatellaceae, Chloranthaceae (other than Hedyosmum), and Ceratophyllaceae. In two genera of Nymphaeales (Cabomba and Nuphar), nectaries are present on inner tepals. Tepals are caducous during or at the end of anthesis in Austrobaileyales. Preformations of the tepal abscission zone in flowers with caducous tepals include a narrow tepal base, constriction as seen in median longitudinal sections, and small-celled tissue. In contrast, the perianth organs of Amborella, Nymphaeales, and Chloranthaceae are not caducous and are associated with a broad tepal base without indentation and often without small-celled tissue. Only in the latter groups are there genera with basally united tepals (Amborella, Cabomba, and Hedyosmum). PERIANTH BIOLOGY IN THE BASAL GRADE OF EXTANT ANGIOSPERMS

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Monograph of Kadsura (Schisandraceae)

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

Early evolution of angiosperm pollen as inferred from molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses

Early evolution of angiosperm pollen as inferred from molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses

Identification of medicinal plant Schisandra chinensis using a potential DNA barcode ITS2

Perianth Biology in the Basal Grade of Extant Angiosperms

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