Monogenetic Basaltic Volcanoes: Genetic Classification, Growth, Geomorphology and Degradation

Keresztúri, Gábor; Németh, Károly

doi:10.5772/51387

Cited by 133 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 437 publications

(784 reference statements)

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“…The main volcano types of the Harrat Kishb are scoria cones and lava spatter cones, many of them associated with extensive unconfined pahoehoe to transitional pahoehoe-to-aa lava fields ( Figure 2B). The sizes of the scoria cones are similar to other scoria cones worldwide, with landform features such as partial flank collapse, partial rehealing or lava spatter collar-preserved erosional features that are common elsewhere [24][25][26]. The lava flow fields host spectacular lava surface textures ( Figure 2C), such as slabby/rubbly pahoehoe [27], shelly pahoehoe [28] or transitional pahoehoe-to-aa lava textures [29] with tumuli [30,31], and inflation and deflation features [28] or extensive lava tubes.…”

Section: Harrat Kishbmentioning

confidence: 75%

Geoheritage values of one of the largest maar craters in the Arabian Peninsula: the Al Wahbah Crater and other volcanoes (Harrat Kishb, Saudi Arabia)

et al. 2013

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Al Wahbah Crater is one of the largest and deepest Quaternary maar craters in the Arabian Peninsula. It is NW-SE-elongated, ∼2.3 km wide, ∼250 m deep and surrounded by an irregular near-perpendicular crater wall cut deeply into the Proterozoic diorite basement. Very few scientific studies have been conducted on this unique site, especially in respect to understanding the associated volcanic eruption processes. Al Wahbah and adjacent large explosion craters are currently a research subject in an international project, Volcanic Risk in Saudi Arabia (VORiSA). The focus of VORiSA is to characterise the volcanic hazards and eruption mechanisms of the vast volcanic fields in Western Saudi Arabia, while also defining the unique volcanic features of this region for use in future geoconservation, geoeducation and geotourism projects. Al Wahbah is inferred to be a maar crater that formed due to an explosive interaction of magma and water. The crater is surrounded by a tephra ring that consists predominantly of base surge deposits accumulated over a pre-maar scoria cone and underlying multiple lava flow units. The tephra ring acted as an obstacle against younger lava flows that were diverted along the margin of the tephra ring creating unique lava flow surface textures that recorded inflation and deflation processes along the margin of the post-maar lava flow. Al Wahbah is a unique geological feature that is not only a dramatic landform but also a site that can promote our understanding of complex phreatomagmatic monogenetic volcanism. The complex geological features perfectly preserved at Al Wahbah makes this site as an excellent geotope and a potential centre of geoeducation programs that could lead to the establishment of a geopark in the broader area at the Kishb Volcanic Field.

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Section: Harrat Kishbmentioning

confidence: 75%

Geoheritage values of one of the largest maar craters in the Arabian Peninsula: the Al Wahbah Crater and other volcanoes (Harrat Kishb, Saudi Arabia)

et al. 2013

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“…A maar és a tufagyűrű vulkáni forma nem mindig különít hető el egyértelműen: nagyon sok az átme neti for ma és folyamat, különösen a vulkáni működés előre -halad tával egyre fokozódó ún. "szárazodás" a freato magmás rob ba násokat elősegítő külső víz mennyiségének csökke né sé vel (KERESZTURI & NÉMETH 2012). Ezek a ténye -zők jelen tősen megnehezítik a paleovulkáni formák rekonstruk cióját.…”

Section: Bevezetésunclassified

“…A litikus elegyrészek (litoklasztok) az idősebb kőzetek ből származó, véletlenszerűen felszakított szemcsék (FISHER & SCHMINCKE 1984), amelyeket a felfelé nyomuló magma, illetve a felszín alatti robbanások tépnek fel (LORENZ 1973(LORENZ , 1986FISHER & SCHMINCKE 1984;SHERIDAN & WOHLETZ 1983;KERESZTURI & NÉMETH 2012). A BBVT (és a Badacsony) esetében ezek leggyakrabban: mészkő, homokkő, pala, agyagkő (NÉMETH & MARTIN 1999, MARTIN & NÉMETH 2004.…”

Section: A Freatomagmás Piroklasztitokat Felépítő Komponensekunclassified

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A Badacsony freatomagmás piroklasztit-sorozata: következtetések a monogenetikus bazaltvulkáni működés folyamataira és formáira

et al. 2017

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In this paper the first quantitative description and volcanological interpretation is given of the Badacsony Hill, the latter being the most well-known butte of the Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field (BBHVF). The pyroclast/lithics ratio of the pyroclastics was investigated by using point-counting image analysis methodology on the surfaces of handcut specimens. The isometrical shape of different grains allowed the obtained 2D data to be converted to 3D volume data. By using this methodology it was possible to infer the relative depth of explosions with respect to the synvolcanic surface and the syneruptive morphology; moreover, the effusive and explosive phases of the volcanism could be identified.The results of point-counting image analysis and the position and extent of the phreatomagmatic sequence on the Badacsony Hill imply that the Badacsony volcano was a monogenetic (probably polycyclic) tuff ring or shallow maar volcano. Such volcanism is associated with the interaction of hot, molten material with groundwater, and this triggers shallow explosions. The low amount of accidental lithics within the deposits confirms the tuff ring scenario; however, such a low amount of accidental lithics could also be observed within deposits from shallow maars when these were formed on a soft, unconsolidated basement. Such an alternative model is envisaged for Badacsony.The development of the volcanism can be divided into explosive and effusive phases, based on the different composition and on the relative stratigraphic position of the respective phreatomagmatic sequences. Based on these results the present study proposes a volcanic evolution model. Given the scarcity of volcanological data on the Badacsony Hill, the results presented here could give a basis for further regional volcanological investigations.Keywords: Badacsony, Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field, image analysis, maar, monogenetic, phreatomagmatic eruption, tuff ring Összefoglalás A tanulmányban a Bakony-Balaton-felvidéki vulkáni terület (BBVT) legismertebb tanúhegyén, a Badacsonyon kibukkanó freatomagmás piroklasztit-összlet első kvantitatív leírását és vulkanológiai értelmezését mutatjuk be. A piroklasztitok juvenilis/litikus törmelékeinek arányát pontszámlálásos módszerrel vizsgáltuk vágott kézipéldány-fel színe -ken. A felület%-ban kapott eredményeket a kőzetminták teljes térfogatára vonatkozónak vettük. E módszer segít ségével meghatároztuk a freatomagmás robbanások relatív mélységét a szinvulkáni felszínhez képest, következ tetéseket vontunk le a lehetséges szineruptív vulkánmorfológiára, valamint a terepi megfigyelések és korábbi tanulmányok alapján rekonst ruáltuk a vulkán működésének teljes fejlődéstörténetét.A képelemzés során megállapítottuk a litikus elegyrészek minimális arányát. Ebből, valamint a piroklasztitok térbeli elter jedéséből és rétegtani helyzetéből valószínűsíthető, hogy a Badacsony egy monogenetikus (esetleg policiklikus) tufagyűrű vagy sekély maar vulkán volt, amelynek kialakulásában a víz-magma kölcsönhatás követke...

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“…Lava sheets with volcanic spatter cones represent a common feature in many areas of the surface of Mars (Kereszturi and Németh, 2012;Robbins et al, 2013). On Earth such volcanic rocks often exhibit distinct magnetic anomalies (e.g.…”

Section: Site 2: "Pali Aike"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mars MOURA magnetometer demonstration for high-resolution mapping on terrestrial analogues

Díaz-Michelena

Kilian

Sanz

et al. 2016

Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst.

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Abstract. Satellite-based magnetic measurements of Mars indicate complex and very strong magnetic anomalies, which led to an intensive and long-lasting discussion about their possible origin. To make some progress in the investigation of the origin of these anomalies the MOURA vector magnetometer was developed for in situ measurements on Mars. In this work we propose the utilisation of such an instrument for future planetary on-ground surveys. The proof of its suitability is seen through testing it on various terrestrial analogues characterised by the distinct magnetic anomalies of their basement rocks: (1) a magnetite body of EL Laco (up to +110 000 nT) and its transition to surrounding andesites (< +2000 nT) in the northern Andes of Chile showing the highest local magnetic anomalies. The magnetite-bearing ore body has highly variable local anomalies due to its complex formation history where a significant dispersion in palaeoorientations has been previously reported, while our vector data show relatively uniform and probably induced declinations. (2) A basaltic spatter cone of the Pali Aike volcanic field, in southern Chile, was characterised by very strong magnetic anomalies along the crater rim (up to +12 000 nT), controlled by the amount of single domain magnetites in the ground mass of the basalts. Due to their strong remanent signature, palaeo-declinations of the lavas and reorientations of collapsed blocks could be constrained by the vector data. (3) The Monturaqui meteorite crater (350 m diameter), in northern Chile, shows significant variations of its anomalies (from −2000 to > +6000 nT) in restricted areas of several square metres along its crater rim related to unexposed iron-bearing fragments of the impactor while its granitic and ignimbritic target rocks exhibit only very weak anomalies. (4) An area with several amphibolitic dykes, which cross-cut a Cretaceous granitoid in the southernmost Andes, where a decimetre-scale mapping was performed. In this case, pyrrhotite is the only magnetic carrier. It was formed during hydrothermal processes within the dykes. Very low (+40 to +120 nT) positive magnetic anomalies clearly depict the amount of 1-4 vol % pyrrhotite in these dykes, which is important as a mineralogical indicator as well as to detect associated gold and copper enrichment.

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Monogenetic Basaltic Volcanoes: Genetic Classification, Growth, Geomorphology and Degradation

Cited by 133 publications

References 437 publications

Geoheritage values of one of the largest maar craters in the Arabian Peninsula: the Al Wahbah Crater and other volcanoes (Harrat Kishb, Saudi Arabia)

Geoheritage values of one of the largest maar craters in the Arabian Peninsula: the Al Wahbah Crater and other volcanoes (Harrat Kishb, Saudi Arabia)

A Badacsony freatomagmás piroklasztit-sorozata: következtetések a monogenetikus bazaltvulkáni működés folyamataira és formáira

Mars MOURA magnetometer demonstration for high-resolution mapping on terrestrial analogues

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