Monodisperse‐porous N‐methyl‐D‐glucamine functionalized poly(vinylbenzyl chloride‐co‐divinylbenzene) beads as boron selective sorbent

Abstract

To generate a new sorbent with high boron adsorption capacity, we synthesized monodisperse‐porous poly(vinylbenzyl chloride‐co‐divinylbenzene), poly(VBC‐co‐DVB), beads 8.5 μm in size by a new “modified seeded polymerization” technique. By using their chloromethyl functionality, the beads were derivatized by a simple, direct reaction with a boron‐selective ligand, N‐methyl‐D‐glucamine (NMDG). The selection of poly(VBC‐co‐DVB) beads as a starting material allowed to obtain high boron sensitive‐ligand density on the beads depending on their high chloromethyl content. In the batch adsorption runs performed using NMDG‐attached poly(VBC‐co‐DVB) beads as sorbent, boron removal was efficiently performed in a wide pH range between 4 and 11. Quantitative boron removal was observed with the sorbent concentration of 4 g/L. In the same runs, plateau value of equilibrium adsorption isotherm was obtained as 14 mg boron/g beads. Relatively higher boron adsorption was explained by high ligand density and high specific surface area of the sorbent. Boron adsorption isotherms were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich models. In the kinetic runs performed for boron removal, the equilibrium was attained within 10 min at a value of 98%. The fast kinetic behavior was explained by the smaller particle size and enhanced porosity of the new sorbent. Infinite solution volume model and unreacted core model were used to evaluate boron adsorption onto the NMDG‐attached poly(VBC‐co‐DVB) beads. The results indicated that the adsorption process is controlled by the particle‐diffusion step. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012

Tuning N-methyl-d-glucamine density in a new radiation grafted poly(vinyl benzyl chloride)/nylon-6 fibrous boron-selective adsorbent using the response surface method

“…This functional group exhibits a high selectivity towards boron due to the presence of ve hydroxyl groups allowing for the coordination of boron to form a stable complex. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] A review of various strategies for the preparation of alternative polymer-based adsorbents and their performance evaluation was published recently. 3 Various polymer-based adsorbents have been developed for boron removal from solution using various polymerisation routes.…”

Utilization of geothermal water as irrigation water after boron removal by monodisperse nanoporous polymers containing NMDG in sorption–ultrafiltration hybrid process

“…The commercially available boron selective chelating ion exchange resins have slow kinetics due to the diffusioncontrolled rate limiting processes although they have a moderately good capacity and high selectivity for boron. As we reported before, novel monodisperse nanoporous NMGD bearing poly(GMA-co-EDM) and poly(VBC-co-DVB) beads synthesized by modified seeded polymerization exhibited a good kinetic behavior for boron removal [30,31]. As shown in Fig.…”

“…The N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG) (Sigma) and 1,4-dioxan (Lab-Scan) were of analytical grade and they were used as supplied. The synthesis procedure of PS seed latex particles was reported in details previously [29,30].…”

“…Previously, we published on the preparation of monodisperse nanoporous NMGD bearing poly(GMA-co-EDM) and poly(VBC-co-DVB) beads using "modified seeded polymerization". The synthesized monodisperse resin beads were very effective for boron sorption from aqueous solution and geothermal water [29][30][31]. In this study, the utilization of these novel monodisperse nanoporous resin beads in the sorption-UF hybrid system for boron removal from real geothermal water is investigated for the first time and compared with the performance of the commercially available boron selective ion exchange resin Dowex-XUS-43594.00 ground to an average particle size of 20 μm.…”

“…On the other hand, several procedures were reported in the literature for the preparation of small monodisperse polymer microparticles [26][27][28][29][30][31]. Membrane emulsification of monomers followed by suspension polymerization was defined as the simplest way to get the fine particles in the large scale [26,27].…”