Monodisperse Magnetic Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications

Abstract

Conspectus The development of highly effective medicine requires the on-time monitoring of the medical treatment process. This combination of monitoring and therapeutics allows a large degree of control on the treatment efficacy and is now commonly referred to as “theranostics”. Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) provide a unique nano-platform for theranostic applications due to their comparable sizes with various functional biomolecules, their biocompatibility and their responses to the external magnetic field. Recent efforts in studying magnetic NPs for both imaging and therapeutic applications have led to great advances in NP fabrication with controls in dimension, surface functionalization and magnetic property. These magnetic NPs have been proven to be robust agents that can be target-specific for enhancing magnetic resonance imaging sensitivity and magnetic heating efficiency. These, plus the deep tissue penetration of magnetic field, make magnetic NPs the most promising candidates for successful theranostics in the future. In this Account, we review the recent advances in the synthesis of magnetic NPs of iron oxide, Fe, as well as FePt and FeCo NPs for imaging and therapeutic applications. We will first introduce briefly nanomagnetism, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). We will then focus on chemical synthesis of monodisperse magnetic NPs with controlled sizes, morphologies, and magnetic properties. Typical examples in using monodisperse magnetic NPs for MRI and MFH are highlighted.

Paclitaxel-loaded iron platinum stealth immunomicelles are potent MRI imaging agents that prevent prostate cancer growth in a PSMA-dependent manner

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The most common types of nanoparticles used for the detection of cancer were fluorescent, radioactive, or superparamagnetic core nanoparticles which were rendered biocompatible by encapsulation with polymers or phospholipids. 7,11,14,15 Similarly, chemotherapeutic drugs were added to the encapsulants with the expectation that more efficacious therapies, with reduced global toxicity, would result.…”

Curcumin-loaded magnetic nanoparticles for breast cancer therapeutics and imaging applications

“…To date, a wide variety of modalities have been formulated with MNP platforms that contribute not only to drug delivery but also exhibit photothermal therapy, thermosensitive chemotherapy, and visible/luminescence/near infrared/multimodal imaging. 26,28,29 Such nanoformulation applicability relies on the design and stabilizer coatings which provide biocompatibility, high therapeutic drug loading capability, stability in biological milieu, and proper intracellular uptake by cancer cells. Crosslinked dextrancoated MNPs are recognized as an example of a nanoplatform with multiple functions.…”

Simultaneous determination of permethrin and deltamethrin in water samples by magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography

“…38 Iron oxide MNPs may exist in different forms, such as magnetite, maghemite, hematite, and goethite or their combinations, depending on the Fe(²²)/Fe(²²²) ratio, which influences size, composition, morphology, and magnetic properties of the particles. [39][40][41] With the latest developments in nanotechnology, 42 MNPs can be applied for magnetophoretic separation of a wide range of materials 41 as they provide several advantages over other available separation methods. The advantages include, recyclability for multiple usage, high-throughput process, low operational cost, high efficiency, flexible implementation, and scalability.…”