Monocytes in health and disease — Minireview

Karlmark, Karlin Raja; Tacke, Frank; Dunay, Ildikò Rita

doi:10.1556/eujmi.2.2012.2.1

Cited by 74 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Recent reports indicate that the recruitment of inflammatory Ly6C high monocytes and their macrophage or DC progeny reflects the changing needs of the affected tissue along the course of inflammation, which includes cytokine production, Ag presentation, and phagocytosis of cellular debris (12,13,35,36). In the CNS, functional macrophage heterogeneity has been demonstrated in several models of autoimmune pathology as well as in neurodegenerative and infectious diseases (19,26,27,36,37), but the precise role of the recruited mononuclear cell subsets in cerebral toxoplasmosis remains to be addressed.…”

Section: Ccr2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proinflammatory cytokine IFN-g produced mainly by activated innate lymphoid cells, NK, and T cells is the major driving factor for host protection against this intracellular pathogen (10,11). In our previous studies, we detected that Ly6C high Gr1 + monocytes were crucial during the acute stage of T. gondii infection, producing high amounts of TNF, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and reactive oxygen intermediates (ROS), which directly contributed to the control of the parasite burden in the host (6,7,12,13). In addition, we have shown that neutrophil granulocytes rather contributed to the ileal pathology in the acute stage (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ly6Chigh Monocytes Control Cerebral Toxoplasmosis

Biswas

Bruder

Wolf

et al. 2015

The Journal of Immunology

100

125

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Cerebral infection with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii is followed by activation of resident cells and recruitment of immune cells from the periphery to the CNS. In this study, we show that a subset of myeloid cells, namely Ly6ChighCCR2+ inflammatory monocytes that infiltrate the brain upon chronic T. gondii infection, plays a decisive role in host defense. Depletion of this monocyte subset resulted in elevated parasite load and decreased survival of infected mice, suggesting their crucial role. Notably, Ly6ChighCCR2+ monocytes governed parasite control due to production of proinflammatory mediators, such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, inducible NO synthase, TNF, and reactive oxygen intermediate. Interestingly, Ly6ChighCCR2+ monocytes were also able to produce the regulatory cytokine IL-10, revealing their dual feature. Moreover, we confirmed by adoptive transfer that the recruited monocytes further develop into two distinct subpopulations contributing to parasite control and profound host defense. The differentiated Ly6CintCCR2+F4/80int subset upregulated MHC I and MHC II molecules, suggesting dendritic cell properties such as interaction with T cells, whereas the Ly6CnegF4/80high cell subset displayed elevated phagocytic capacity while upregulating triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2. Finally, we have shown that the recruitment of Ly6Chigh monocytes to the CNS is regulated by P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1. These results indicate the critical importance of recruited Ly6Chigh monocytes upon cerebral toxoplasmosis and reveal the behavior of further differentiated myeloid-derived mononuclear cell subsets in parasite control and immune regulation of the CNS.

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Section: Ccr2mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ly6Chigh Monocytes Control Cerebral Toxoplasmosis

Biswas

Bruder

Wolf

et al. 2015

The Journal of Immunology

100

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Unlike neutrophils, activated monocytes are also able to modulate immune responses via the secretion of a wide range of prostaglandins and cytokines. However, prolonged activation has detrimental effects on the organism, and accordingly monocytes have been recently reported to play a role in several inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and liver fibrosis [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the pathways that control monocyte differentiation into different macrophage subtypes remain to be characterized. It is crucial, therefore, to further explore the mechanisms that underlie monocyte activation and differentiation for further understanding of the physiopathology and pharmacology of infection, inflammation, and cancer [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a method for murine monocyte isolation by bone marrow depletion

Oliva-Martin

Sánchez‐Abarca

Carrillo-Jiménez

et al. 2015

Analytical Biochemistry

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“…These recruited immune cells comprise of different subpopulations. Initially, cells of the innate immune system for instance dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils are relevant for fi ghting against pathogens [33][34][35][36]. Further, the recruited dendritic cells function as a mediator between innate and adaptive immunity by recruiting T cells to the brain [37,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal cord pathology in chronic experimentalToxoplasma gondiiinfection

Möhle¹,

Parlog²,

Pahnke³

et al. 2014

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

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Infection with the protozoan Toxoplasma (T.) gondii causes chronic infection of the central nervous system and can lead to lifethreatening encephalomyelitis in immunocompromised patients. While infection with T. gondii has long time been considered asymptomatic in immunocompetent hosts, this view is challenged by recent reports describing links between seropositivity and behavioral alterations.However, past and current researches are mainly focused on the brain during Toxoplasma encephalitis, neglecting the spinal cord as a key structure conveying brain signals into motion. Therefore, our study aimed to fill the gap and describes the spinal cord pathology in an experimental murine model of toxoplasmosis.In the spinal cord, we found distinct histopathological changes, inflammatory foci and T. gondii cysts similar to the brain. Furthermore, the recruitment of immune cells from the periphery was detected. Moreover, resident microglia as well as recruited monocytes displayed an increased MHC classes I and II expression. Additionally, the expression of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines was enhanced in the brain as well as in the spinal cord. In summary, the pathology observed in the spinal cord was similar to the previously described changes in the brain during the infection.This study provides the first detailed description of histopathological and immunological alterations due to experimental T. gondii induced myelitis in mice. Thus, our comparison raises awareness of the importance of the spinal cord in chronic T. gondii infection.

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Monocytes in health and disease — Minireview

Cited by 74 publications

References 40 publications

Ly6Chigh Monocytes Control Cerebral Toxoplasmosis

Ly6Chigh Monocytes Control Cerebral Toxoplasmosis

Evaluation of a method for murine monocyte isolation by bone marrow depletion

Spinal cord pathology in chronic experimentalToxoplasma gondiiinfection

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