Monocyte trafficking in acute and chronic inflammation

Abstract

Environmental signals at the site of inflammation mediate rapid monocyte mobilization and dictate differentiation programs whereby these cells give rise to macrophages or dendritic cells. Monocytes participate in tissue healing, clearance of pathogens and dead cells, and initiation of adaptive immunity. However, recruited monocytes can also contribute to the pathogenesis of infection and chronic inflammatory disease, such as atherosclerosis. Here, we explore monocyte trafficking in the context of acute inflammation, relying predominantly on data from microbial infection models. These mechanisms will be compared to monocyte trafficking during chronic inflammation in experimental models of atherosclerosis. Recent developments suggest that monocyte trafficking shares common themes in diverse inflammatory diseases; however, important differences exist between monocyte migratory pathways in acute and chronic inflammation.

Cerium dioxide nanoparticles selectively up-regulate C-C chemokine receptor 2 and CD16 expression on human monocytes

“…THP-1 monocyte cell model was chosen as innate immunity is the first biochemical barrier in case of accidental exposure with microorganisms, as well as nanomaterials. CCR2 is considered the "prototype" of pro-inflammatory chemokine receptors driving monocyte/macrophage cells to the sites of inflammation in several diseases (Ingersoll, 2011). We demonstrated ceria nanoparticles induce the up-regulation of CCR2 (Fig 1), increasing the possibility of THP-1 monocytes to migrate toward a gradient of its cognate ligand, CCL2 (Fig 2A and B).…”

“…In our in vitro cellular model, the increased expression of chemokine inflammatory receptors was restricted to CCR2 with no effects on CCR5 (Fig 1). However, the immunoglobulin receptor CD16, a receptor that belongs to the Fcγ receptors' family and mediates the phagocytosis of opsonized microbes defining activated sub-populations of monocyte/macrophage cells (Ingersoll, 2011), was also up-regulated in a dose dependent manner. Hussain et al describe how ceria dioxide nanoparticles are able to induce autophagy in human monocytes (Hussain, 2012), the main catabolic pathway in mammalian cells after internalization of exogenous material.…”

“…Monocytes are key cells of the innate immunity implicated in inflammatory processes in different tissues including rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis and obesity (Ingersoll, 2011). Environmental signals at the site of inflammation mediate rapid monocyte mobilization and promote the differentiation of these cells into macrophages or dendritic cells that actively phagocytise non-selfmolecules.…”

“…Environmental signals at the site of inflammation mediate rapid monocyte mobilization and promote the differentiation of these cells into macrophages or dendritic cells that actively phagocytise non-selfmolecules. Moreover, they regulate growth and differentiation of the other immune cells through the release of cytokines, representing a crucial link between the innate and adaptive immune response against pathogens (Ingersoll, 2011). A critical role in the inflammatory process as modulators of the influx of monocytes to specific tissue and organ targets has been established for the (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) and its selective ligand CCL2 (formerly known as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, MCP-1) (Ingersoll, 2011).…”

EFFICIENCY EVALUATION OF THE HOME-PRODUCED RECOMBINANT HUMAN CYTOKINES FROM the sci-store.ru FOR GENERATION OF MONOCYTE-DERIVED DENDRITIC CELLS

“…Классические ДК являются наиболее активными антигенпрезентирующими клетками нашего организма, тогда как основной функци-ей плазмоцитоидных ДК является продукция интерферонов 1 типа [2,8,14,15]. Наиболее многочисленная субпопуляция классических ДК (у человека -CD1c + ДК) созревает из цир-кулирующих в крови коммитированных пред-шественников [10,11] и из моноцитов, причем в условиях воспаления моноциты становятся ос-новным источником созревания ДК [4]. Класси-ческие ДК являются объектом многочисленных научных исследований, а также нашли практи-ческое применение как основной компонент дендритноклеточных вакцин против патогенов и опухолевых клеток.…”