Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein A1 ratios are associated with bone homeostasis imbalance caused by chronic inflammation in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Objective: Emerging evidences demonstrated that chronic inflammation can influence bone metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), leading to bone homeostasis imbalance. The aim of this study was to assess the correlations between novel pro-inflammatory indexes like monocyte to high-density lipoprotein (MHR), apolipoprotein A1 (MAR) ratios and bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers in Chinese postmenopausal women with T2DM.Method: In this study, a total of 619 participants with complete data were included in the final analysis. Demographic and anthropometric information was collected. Biochemical parameters and bone turnover markers were determined by standard methods. BMD was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Correlation analysis and regression models were conducted to assess the associations between MHR, MAR and bone turnover markers, BMD. Multiple binomial logistic regression model was used to estimate the independent variables of MHR and MAR for osteoporosis.Results: Overall, the prevalence of osteoporosis was 38.3%. MHR and MAR were significantly correlated with C-terminal cross linking of type I collagen (β-CTX), L1-L4, femoral neck BMD and T scores. These correlations remained significant after adjustment for other confounding factors. Meanwhile, MHR and MAR were also significantly associated with higher odds of osteoporosis, the odds ratios (ORs) (95%CI) were 1.88 (1.49–2.38) and 2.30 (1.72–3.09) respectively. Furthermore, MHR and MAR seemed to have a good identifying value for osteoporosis. The area under the curve of MHR and MAR identifying osteoporosis were 0.791 (95% CI: 0.753–0.828) and 0.843 (95% CI: 0.809–0.877) respectively (p < 0.001). The optimal cut-off values of MHR and MAR were 4.53 × 108/mmol (sensitivity: 60.8%, specificity: 85.9%) and 4.74 × 108/g (sensitivity: 71.7%, specificity: 89.3%) respectively.Conclusion: MHR and MAR were significantly associated with osteoporosis. These two novel pro-inflammatory indexes may be ideal markers to reflect bone homeostasis imbalance caused by chronic inflammation in Chinese postmenopausal women with T2DM.

Apolipoprotein A1 is associated with osteocalcin and bone mineral density rather than high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in Chinese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…Genetic background, age, eating habits, hormonal and metabolic status, and HDL-c functionality relying on the particle function of apolipoprotein rather than HDL-c levels may be responsible for this inconsistency. Likewise, our previous study (14) enrolled 619 postmenopausal women with T2DM revealed that monocyte to APOA1 ratios had a higher area under the curve (AUC) value in identifying osteoporosis than the monocyte to HDL-c ratios, which indicate us that serum APOA1 may be more associated with osteoporosis rather than serum HDL-c. In addition, current epidemiological data on the associations between HDL-c, APOA1 level, and BMD in Chinese postmenopausal with T2DM are lacking.…”

Non-diabetic elderly populations: the MHR as a protective factor against bone abnormalities

“…Monocyte to HDL ratio (MHR), initially considered to be associated with peripheral arterial disease, is a novel inflammation and oxidative stress marker. As the research progressed, doctors discovered that ( 5 ) MHR is closely related to osteoporosis in elderly type 2 diabetic patients; After analyzing the clinical data of 619 postmenopausal patients with T2DM, Huang Rong ( 5 ) et al. claimed that MHR could be an ideal marker to reflect the imbalance of bone homeostasis caused by chronic inflammation in Chinese postmenopausal women with T2DM; Zhou, Fushan ( 6 ) et al.…”