Monocyte Recruitment, Specification, and Function in Atherosclerosis

Kim, Ki Wook; Ivanov, Stoyan; Williams, Jesse W.

doi:10.3390/cells10010015

Cited by 64 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…It has been acknowledged that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease (Ross, 1999). During inflammation, circulating monocytes migrate into the endothelium from the blood flow and then differentiate into macrophages when exposed to the local microenvironment that is enriched in growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines (Narasimhan et al, 2019;Kim et al, 2020). The earliest atherosclerotic lesion, fatty streak, is associated with an increased number of intimal macrophages and the appearance of macrophages filled with lipid droplets (foam cells) (Stary et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage Plasticity and Atherosclerosis Therapy

Lin

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease starting with the entry of monocytes into the subendothelium and the subsequent differentiation into macrophages. Macrophages are the major immune cells in atherosclerotic plaques and are involved in the dynamic progression of atherosclerotic plaques. The biological properties of atherosclerotic plaque macrophages determine lesion size, composition, and stability. The heterogenicity and plasticity of atherosclerotic macrophages have been a hotspot in recent years. Studies demonstrated that lipids, cytokines, chemokines, and other molecules in the atherosclerotic plaque microenvironment regulate macrophage phenotype, contributing to the switch of macrophages toward a pro- or anti-atherosclerosis state. Of note, M1/M2 classification is oversimplified and only represent two extreme states of macrophages. Moreover, M2 macrophages in atherosclerosis are not always protective. Understanding the phenotypic diversity and functions of macrophages can disclose their roles in atherosclerotic plaques. Given that lipid-lowering therapy cannot completely retard the progression of atherosclerosis, macrophages with high heterogeneity and plasticity raise the hope for atherosclerosis regression. This review will focus on the macrophage phenotypic diversity, its role in the progression of the dynamic atherosclerotic plaque, and finally discuss the possibility of treating atherosclerosis by targeting macrophage microenvironment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage Plasticity and Atherosclerosis Therapy

Lin

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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“…The inflammatory process is dominated by monocyte-derived macrophages in the early stage of plaque formation. Tissue-infiltrating macrophages eventually become the primary immune cells of plaque, where they take up cholesterol and store lipids in the form of small droplets, resulting in a unique morphology called foam cells (23). Monocyte recruitment governs the expansion of plaque formation, and the inhibition of monocyte infiltration and differentiation can attenuate early atherogenesis (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjustment of the GRACE Risk Score by Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio Improves Prediction of Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Han

Yang

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Background and AimsThe monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), a novel marker for inflammation and lipid metabolism, has been demonstrated to be associated with poor prognosis in many patient populations. However, the prognostic influence of MHR in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is poorly understood. Here, we sought to investigate the relationship between MHR and adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in such patients and determine whether MHR could improve the GRACE risk score based prognostic models.Methods and ResultsMHR was applied to 1,720 patients with ACS undergoing PCI who were admitted to our CV center from June 2016 to November 2017. These patients were stratified into three groups according to MHR tertiles. The relationship between MHR and the primary endpoint (overall death, non-fatal stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned repeat revascularization) was examined by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. During a median follow-up of 31 months, 353 patients had at least one primary endpoint event. Compared with those in the lowest MHR tertile, patients in the middle and highest tertiles [adjusted HR: 1.541 (95% CI: 1.152–2.060) and 1.800 (95%CI: 1.333–2.432), respectively], had a higher risk of the primary endpoint. The addition of MHR has an incremental effect on the predictive ability of the GRACE risk score for the primary endpoint (cNRI: 0.136, P < 0.001; IDI: 0.006, P < 0.001).ConclusionMHR was independently and significantly associated with adverse CV outcomes in ACS patients who underwent PCI and improved the predictive ability of the GRACE risk score based prognostic models.Registration Numberhttp://www.chictr.org.cn/hvshowproject.aspx?id=21397; ChiCTR1800017417.

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“…Monocyte mobilization to atherosclerotic plaque is mediated by several chemokines, among them CCR2, CCR5 and CX3CR1, which majorly contribute to disease progression [ 53 ]. The CCL2:CCR2 axis is best described, since CCL2 plays a major role in the recruitment of classical monocytes in plaque [ 54 ]. Hence, targeting this axis can help to prevent monocyte recruitment and disease progression.…”

Section: Monocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Cells in Atherosclerosis

2022

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Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive disease that involves damage to the intima, inflammatory cell recruitment and the accumulation of lipids followed by calcification and plaque rupture. Inflammation is considered a key mediator of many events during the development and progression of the disease. Various types of inflammatory cells are reported to be involved in atherosclerosis. In the present paper, we discuss the involved inflammatory cells, their characteristic and functional significance in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The detailed understanding of the role of all these cells in disease progression at different stages sheds more light on the subject and provides valuable insights as to where and when therapy should be targeted.

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Monocyte Recruitment, Specification, and Function in Atherosclerosis

Cited by 64 publications

References 132 publications

Macrophage Plasticity and Atherosclerosis Therapy

Macrophage Plasticity and Atherosclerosis Therapy

Adjustment of the GRACE Risk Score by Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio Improves Prediction of Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Inflammatory Cells in Atherosclerosis

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