“…In addition, CD40 ligation on dendritic cells leads these cells to maturation to express an antigen-presenting phenotype. CD40L has also been found to be expressed on a variety of other cell types such as platelets, B cells, mast cells, basophils and natural killer cells in many diseases [1], and CD40-CD40L interaction is involved in many autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus [8], rheumatoid arthritis [9], systemic sclerosis [10], primary Sjögren’s syndrome [11], multiple sclerosis [12], inflammatory bowel diseases [13], chronic urticaria [14], and in allograft rejection [15]. Collectively, the disruption of the CD40-CD40L pathway is critically related to the manifestation of autoimmune diseases and has been considered as a promising therapeutic target.…”