Monocularly deprived humans: nondeprived eye has supernormal vernier acuity

Freeman, R. D.; Bradley, A.

doi:10.1152/jn.1980.43.6.1645

Cited by 59 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Although numerous examples of the severe impairment of vision in the deprived eye of long-term MD animals have been documented, fewer studies have systematically tested visual function of the nondeprived eye, and vision through this eye has typically been described as normal (for review, see Odom, 1983). There are, however, examples in the human literature in which an enhancement of visual function is observed after early postnatal enucleation [particularly when compared with the monocular capabilities of "normal" binocular subjects (Freeman and Bradley, 1980;Blakemore et al, 1982;Reed et al, 1996Reed et al, , 1997Gonzalez et al, 2002;Steeves et al, 2004)]. Moreover, in keeping with the present observations, in some instances, the enhancement in visual function in the remaining eye equals or surpasses that of binocularly viewing normal subjects (Nicholas et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional Modifications of Visual Acuity Induced by Monocular Deprivation in Juvenile and Adult Rats

et al. 2006

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Recent electrophysiological studies of rodent visual cortex suggest that, in addition to deprived-eye depression, monocular deprivation (MD) also shifts ocular dominance by potentiation of open-eye responses. We used computer-based, two-choice discrimination tasks to assess the behavioral significance of these findings in rats. As expected, prolonged MD, from postnatal day 21 until adulthood (Ͼ150 d) markedly decreased visual acuity through the deprived eye. However, we also found that the acuity through the nondeprived eye was significantly enhanced compared with normally reared controls. Interestingly, when the deprived eye was opened in adults, there was a gradual but incomplete recovery of acuity in the deprived eye preceded by a loss of the enhanced acuity in the nondeprived eye. These changes were reversed by again reclosing the eye. These findings suggest that the bidirectional changes in visually evoked responses after MD are behaviorally meaningful and that significant plasticity is exhibited well into adulthood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional Modifications of Visual Acuity Induced by Monocular Deprivation in Juvenile and Adult Rats

et al. 2006

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“…Performance is grouped into enhanced equivalent performance Contrast sensitivity at 4 cpd if enucleated before age 2 at 2, 4 and 8 cpd (Nicholas et al, Cowey, 1996) Low-high contrast letter acuity (Reed et al, 1996(Reed et al, , 1997 Eccentric (7 • ) illiterate E acuity at low contrast at high contrast Vernier acuity high contrast (Freeman and Bradley, 1980;Schwartz et al, 1987) Vernier acuity medium contrast poorest for children <8 years of age (González et al, 1992) Global pattern discrimination low-medium contrast (Steeves et al, 2004) Texture-defined (second-order)…”

Section: Spatial Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision with one eye: a review of visual function following unilateral enucleation

Steeves¹,

González²,

Steinbach³

2008

Spatial Vis

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What happens to vision in the remaining eye following the loss of vision in the fellow eye? Does the one-eyed individual have supernormal visual ability with the remaining eye in order to adapt and compensate for the loss of binocularity and the binocular depth cue, stereopsis? There are subtle changes in visual function following the complete loss of one eye from unilateral enucleation. Losing binocularity early in life results in a dissociation in form perception and motion processing: some aspects of visual spatial ability are enhanced, whereas motion processing and oculomotor behaviour appear to be adversely affected suggesting they are intrinsically linked to the presence of binocularity in early life. These differential effects may be due to a number of factors, including plasticity through recruitment of resources to the remaining eye; the absence of binocular inhibitory interactions; and/or years of monocular practice after enucleation. Finally, despite this dissociation of spatial vision and motion processing, research that has examined visual direction and performance on monocular tasks shows adaptive effects as a result of the loss of one eye. Practically speaking, one-eyed individuals maintain perfectly normal lives and are not limited by their lack of binocularity.

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“…There is controversy about the spatial localization of the dominant eyes of adult amblyopes: while some studies claimed that it was better than in the normal visual system [10,44], others reported impaired function [3,8,36]. No increase of spatial localization performance could be demonstrated in the dominant eyes of amblyopic children in a hyperacuity task [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%