Monocrotophos pesticide affects synthesis and conversion of sex steroids through multiple targets in male goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Abstract

Monocrotophos (MCP) is an organophosphorus pesticide that is median-toxic to fish. MCP pesticide resulted in an increase of 17 beta estradiol following a decrease in testosterone in male goldfish (Carassius auratus). To fully understand the mechanism of MCP pesticide that causes the imbalance between male and female hormones, we determined the levels of plasma cholesterol, spermatic steroidogenic acute regulatory protein mRNA, steroidogenesis enzyme mRNA, plasma sex hormone synthesis intermediates, and effectual hormones in male goldfish exposed to MCP pesticide at nominal concentrations of 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00 mg/L for 21 days in a semi-static exposure system. The results indicated that MCP pesticide (a) led to decreased steroidogenic acute regulatory protein mRNA levels; (b) decreased mRNA levels of cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme and cytochrome P450 17 alpha hydroxylase, which are steroidogenesis enzymes involved in androgen synthesis; and (c) increased cytochrome P450 aromatase mRNA levels, a steroidogenesis enzyme involved in the synthesis of effectual estrogen. The present study provides evidence that MCP pesticide affects synthesis and conversion of sex steroids through multiple targets in male goldfish.

Microcystin-LR Induces Estrogenic Effects at Environmentally Relevant Concentration in Black-Spotted Pond Frogs (Pelophylax nigromaculatus): In Situ, In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Investigations

“…In the present study, StAR expression was decreased in frogs exposed to MC-LR, which may further decrease the level of synthesis of sex hormones, even beyond the mechanisms already discussed. This phenomenon has also been observed for other environmental contaminants such as diethylhexyl phthalate and monocrotophos. , …”

“…This phenomenon has also been observed for other environmental contaminants such as diethylhexyl phthalate and monocrotophos. 63,64 In the testes, CH can be converted by CYP11A1 into Pregnenolone (PREG), which can be further converted to PROG by the 3β-HSD enzyme encoded by the HSD3B1 gene. PROG can then be converted by CYP17A1 into 17α-OHP, a vital sex hormone.…”

How pesticides affect the environment and human: A review

“…Pesticide dichlorovas impacts DNA duplication in fish, which causes mutation and hyperpropagation [31] . Tian et al [32] reported that the plasma level of testosterone and 17-beta estradiol in fish decrease with the accumulation of organophosphate pesticides. Neurotoxicity and apoptosis in the brain of the fish Catla catla have been observed by Jindal and Sharma [33] .…”

State-of-art and some ideas for future progress of bioassays with plants

“…Bioassays became the widespread mean for the research of 1) the causes and progress of carcinogenesis (Ito et al, 1996;Alden et al, 2011;Osimitz et al, 2013) 2) the properties of botanicals for the diverse applications (Agarwal et al, 2014;Prinsloo et al, 2017) and 3) the metabolites of quarantine weed Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Brückner et al, 2003); as well as for 4) the transcriptomic analyses (Nishi et al, 2015); 5) the elucidation of the influence of known and little-familiar agents on the organ-specific accumulation of toxins, the impairment of ontogenesis, genotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and neurotoxic effects (Jirova et al, 2016;Du Gas et al, 2017;Ghribi et al, 2019), endocrine disruptions (Jirova et al, 2016;Tian et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2018); 6) the improvement of the comprehension about the properties of substances and products of known nature (Osimitz et al, 2013). Besides plant indicators were applied under the investigation of the participation of the vector insects in the propagation of infection (Manachini et al, 2007), and Gammarus fossarum was involved for the research of the trends of the biodistruction of plant litters (Zubrod et al, 2017).…”

“…In some cases these substances are not beneficial, as they can exhibit unfavorable influence, e. g., under the contamination of nutritive media; and the especial interests of the cobamines' detection comes just from this reason (Crofts et al, 2014). The examples of other identifiable compounds include lactic acid within the root exudates (Wen et al, 2018), dimethyl, diethyl, diallyl and dipropyl phtalates (Sun et al, 2019), brevetoxins (Fleming et al, 2007), tenzauronic acid -mycotoxin of Alternaria alternata (Zhou et al, 2019), various herbicides, particularly glyphosate (Hong et al, 2017), and monocrotophos (Tian et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2018). Besides, viruses (Manachini et al, 2007) and prions (Giles et al, 2017) belong to the stimuli of more complex level.…”