Monocrotophos in Gandaman village: India school lunch deaths and need for improved toxicity testing

Krause, Karl‐Heinz; Thriel, Christoph van; Sousa, Paul A. De; Leist, Marcel; Hengstler, Jan G.

doi:10.1007/s00204-013-1113-6

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Nerve agents (the “gases” sarin, soman, tabun, cyclosarin, and VX) directly target the nervous system and irreversibly impair neural signaling within minutes of exposure . OP pesticides, such as diisopropyl‐fluorophosphate (DFP), parathion, and paraoxon, are considered credible threat agents because they are readily obtainable and are highly neurotoxic to humans and animals when exposed by a deliberate terrorist attack or by accident or natural disaster . Nerve agents and OP pesticides are extremely lethal and produce neurotoxicity via common mechanisms.…”

Section: Op Intoxication and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurosteroids for the potential protection of humans against organophosphate toxicity

Reddy

2016

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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This article describes the therapeutic potential of neurosteroids as anticonvulsant antidotes for chemical intoxication caused by organophosphate pesticides and nerve agents or gases like sarin and soman. Toxic manifestations following nerve agent exposure, as evident in chemical attacks in Japan and Syria, include hypersecretion, respiratory distress, tremors, convulsions leading to status epilepticus (SE), and death. Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, are the current anticonvulsants of choice for controlling nerve agent–induced life-threatening seizures, SE, and brain injury. Benzodiazepines can control acute seizures when given early, but they are less effective for delayed treatment of SE, which is characterized by rapid desensitization of synaptic GABAA receptors, benzodiazepine resistance, and brain injury. Neurosteroid-sensitive, extrasynaptic GABAA receptors remain unaffected by such events, however. Thus, anticonvulsant neurosteroids may produce more effective protection than benzodiazepines against a broad spectrum of chemical agents, even when given late after nerve agent exposure.

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Section: Op Intoxication and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurosteroids for the potential protection of humans against organophosphate toxicity

Reddy

2016

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…It has been banned in Western countries like the USA, but is still widely used in some African and Asian countries because of its good insecticidal efficacy and low price (Tariq et al 2004;Kumari et al 2007;Krause et al 2013). Monocrotophos residues in brinjal, okra, cucurbits, crucifers, and green chili were found to be 0.023-1.140 mg/kg (Swarnam and Velmurugan 2013) on the Andaman Islands, India, and its concentration in the industrial wastewater near Lucknow City, India, was reported to be 8.32 ± 3.9 lg/L (Anjum and Malik 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of DNA base damage and strand breaks in peripheral erythrocytes and the underlying mechanism in goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to monocrotophos

Zhao

Wei

Zhang

et al. 2015

Fish Physiol Biochem

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Using goldfish (Carassius auratus) as the model animal, the present study revealed the types of the DNA damage induced by monocrotophos, a highly toxic organophosphorus pesticide, and explored the mechanism underlying the DNA-damaging effect of this pesticide. Results of the alkaline comet assay showed that global DNA damage (including single- and double-strand breaks and alkali-labile sites) in peripheral erythrocytes of goldfish, measured as olive tail moment, was significantly increased by exposure to 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00 mg/L monocrotophos for 24, 48, 96, and 168 h. In particular, alkali-labile sites rather than single- or double-strand breaks, distinguished by the alkaline, pH 12.1, and neutral comet assays, were mainly induced by monocrotophos at 48 h. Oxidative damage in DNA bases and telomeric DNA was investigated by using the alkaline comet assay combined with endonuclease III or formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase and with fluorescence in situ hybridization, respectively. Further, glutathione peroxidase activity significantly decreased at 24 h but increased at 96 and 168 h, and malondialdehyde concentrations significantly increased at 48 h but gradually decreased at 96 and 168 h, which indicated an over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at short exposure durations, but effective scavenging at long exposure durations in the peripheral blood tissues. Accordingly, our results suggest that DNA damage induced by monocrotophos in fish blood cells is possibly due to the inhibition of ROS scavenging and resulted accumulation of ROS.

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“…this has spurred the demand for predictive toxicological in vitro methods to assess chemicals quicker and in a more economically feasible manner (Bal-Price et al, 2010a). Several promising in vitro models have been developed for examination of either Nt or DNt (BalPrice et al, 2010a(BalPrice et al, ,b, 2012Coecke et al, 2007;Honegger et al, 1979Honegger et al, , 2011Kadereit et al, 2012;Krause et al, 2013;Krug et al, 2013a,b;Kuegler et al, 2010;Stiegler et al, 2011;van thriel et al, 2012).…”

Section: Issues and Future Challenges To Be Addressed By 3d In Vitro mentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-art of 3D cultures (organs-on-a-chip) in safety testing and pathophysiology

Alépée

Bahinski

Daneshian

et al. 2014

ALTEX

172

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* a report of t 4 -the transatlantic think tank for toxicology, a collaboration of the toxicologically oriented chairs in Baltimore, Konstanz and Utrecht sponsored by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation; participants do not represent their institutions and do not necessarily endorse all recommendations made. Summary Integrated approaches using different in vitro methods in combination with bioinformatics can (i) increase the success rate and speed of drug development; (ii) improve the accuracy of toxicological risk assessment

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Monocrotophos in Gandaman village: India school lunch deaths and need for improved toxicity testing

Cited by 29 publications

References 33 publications

Neurosteroids for the potential protection of humans against organophosphate toxicity

Neurosteroids for the potential protection of humans against organophosphate toxicity

Induction of DNA base damage and strand breaks in peripheral erythrocytes and the underlying mechanism in goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to monocrotophos

State-of-the-art of 3D cultures (organs-on-a-chip) in safety testing and pathophysiology

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