Monoclonal antibodies localize oestrogen receptor in the nuclei of target cells

King, William J.; Greene, Geoffrey L.

doi:10.1038/307745a0

Cited by 1,378 publications

(335 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The amount of existing estrogen or progestron receptor protein is estimated according to nuclei color which might exist in malignant epithelium. A similar process is utilized for diagnosing of HER-2 protein molecules on the cell membrane (King and Greene, 1984;Layfield et al, 1998).…”

Section: Disease Free Survival Among Molecular Subtypes Of Early Stagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease Free Survival among Molecular Subtypes of Early Stage Breast Cancer between 2001 and 2010 in Iran

Najafi

Anvari²,

Roshan³

2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Section: Disease Free Survival Among Molecular Subtypes Of Early Stagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease Free Survival among Molecular Subtypes of Early Stage Breast Cancer between 2001 and 2010 in Iran

Najafi

Anvari²,

Roshan³

2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…The ER-ICA allowed assessment of tumour tissue sections (King and Green, 1984;Walker et al, 1988 (McCarty et al, 1986;Walker et al, 1988). This led to studies defining the number of ER-positive cells that a tumour required to accurately predict therapeutic response to endocrine therapy (Walker et al, 1988; Gaskell et al., 1989;Nicholson et al, 1991;Robertson et al, 1992 (Kiang and Kennedy, 1977;Tilley et al, 1978;Silfversward et al, 1980;Straus et al, 1982; Davis et al, 1984).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ER-EIA measures the concentration of ER and, like the ligand binding assay (LBA), is reported in fmol mg-' cytosol protein . The ER-ICA allowed assessment of tumour tissue sections (King and Green, 1984;Walker et al, 1988).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oestrogen receptor: a stable phenotype in breast cancer

Robertson

1996

Br J Cancer

127

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Summary Oestrogen receptor (ER) expression in breast cancer is regarded as a phenotype that may change during the natural history of the disease or during endocrine therapy. It has been suggested that in up to 70% of tumours that show acquired resistance the mechanism may be changed in ER status from positive to negative. This paper proposes an alternative hypothesis that ER expression is a stable phenotype in breast cancer. The paper reviews the literature on ER expression during the natural history of breast cancer in patients and also presents data on the effect of endocrine therapy on ER expression. If the alternative hypothesis is true it has important implications for treatment from chemoprevention to acquired endocrine resistance in advanced disease. Equally, if the hypothesis is true, attempts to develop laboratory models of endocrine resistance where ER-positive tumours become ER negative need to be re-evaluated.Keywords: breast cancer; oestrogen receptor; stable phenotypeThe oestrogen receptor (ER) is a 65 kDa oestrogen-binding protein expressed by 46-77% of breast cancers (Walt et al., 1976;Knight et al., 1977; Maynard et al., 1978;Brooks et al., 1980;Osborne et al., 1980; Croton et al., 1981;Howell et al., 1984;Hawkins et al.,1987a;Williams et al., 1987;Clarke and McGuire, 1988). It is a generally held view that ER expression is not a permanent phenotype in breast cancer cells Moolgavakar et al., 1980; Encarnacion et al., 1993; Morrow and Jordon, 1993;Nomura et al., 1985;Jordan, 1994;Paik et al., 1994). One reason for this view is the belief that patients with ER-positive primary breast tumours often develop ER-negative metastases in regional lymph nodes or distant sites. This has been interpreted to show that ER negativity correlates with more aggressive tumour biology and loss of cellular control. A second reason is the strong correlation between ER and therapeutic response to primary endocrine therapy (Samaan et al., 1981;Howell et al., 1984;Williams et al., 1987), which formed the basis for early hypotheses of endocrine sensitivity and resistance. Up to 60% of ER-positive tumours respond to hormone therapy (e.g. Tamoxifen), while for ER-negative tumours the figure is around 10% Samaan et al., 1981;Williams et al., 1987). Therapeutic response to endocrine therapy is not permanent and eventually all such tumours progress. As ER negativity is strongly associated with primary resistance to endocrine therapy it is generally accepted that when responding tumours subsequently progress that in the majority of tumours this is due to loss of ER expression by the tumour Moolgavakar et al., 1980;Nomura et al., 1985; Encarnacion et al., 1993;Morrow and Jordan, 1993;Jordan, 1994;Paik et al., 1994). This paper proposes the alternative hypothesis that ER is a stable phenotype in breast cancer cells.The discovery of monoclonal antibodies (Kohler and Milstein, 1975) subsequently led to specific antibodies being raised to ER (Green and Jensen, 1982 . The ER-ICA allowed assessment of tumour tissue sections (King ...

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“…The availability of specific antibodies to ER, as demonstrated by King and Green (1984), provided the opportunity to determine the presence of receptor proteins by immunoassay methods. The advantages of the ER immunoassay (ERICA) over the ligand-binding assays include greater ease of specimen collection and storage as well as obviating the need for radioactive isotope handling.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between immunocytochemical and polymerase chain reaction techniques for detection of oestrogen receptor and transforming growth factor β in breast cancer

Amoils

Seymour²,

Wr³

1996

Br J Cancer

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Summary The utility of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a technique for determining the expression of transforming growth factor ,B (TGF-fl) and of the oestrogen receptor (ER) in clinical breast cancer tissue was examined. PCR analysis was compared with immunocytochemical assays for TGF-,B and for ER. Seventy confirmed breast carcinoma samples were analysed for ER using both techniques with a statistically highly significant concordance (P<0.001) between the two methods. Nineteen samples were observed to be ER positive and 46 samples were found to be ER negative by both techniques. Forty-eight samples were analysed for TGF-,B using both PCR and immunocytochemistry. Of the 24 samples observed to be positive for TGF-,B by immunocytochemistry, all were found to be positive for TGF-,B mRNA (PCR). Similarly, the 24 samples observed to be TGF-,B negative by immunocytochemistry were also negative for TGF-fl mRNA, indicating 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity of the PCR technique. PCR is therefore considered a viable technique for analysis of both ER and TGF-,B in small samples such as fine-needle aspirates.

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Monoclonal antibodies localize oestrogen receptor in the nuclei of target cells

Cited by 1,378 publications

References 26 publications

Disease Free Survival among Molecular Subtypes of Early Stage Breast Cancer between 2001 and 2010 in Iran

Disease Free Survival among Molecular Subtypes of Early Stage Breast Cancer between 2001 and 2010 in Iran

Oestrogen receptor: a stable phenotype in breast cancer

Comparison between immunocytochemical and polymerase chain reaction techniques for detection of oestrogen receptor and transforming growth factor β in breast cancer

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