Monoclonal antibodies differentiate the weakly virulent from the highly virulent strain of<i>Leptosphaeria maculans</i>, the organism causing blackleg of canola

Stace-Smith, R.; Bowler, G.; MacKenzie, Donald J.; Ellis, Peter

doi:10.1080/07060669309500812

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This contrasts with differentiation on the basis of cultural characteristics, isozyme polymorphisms and secondary metabolite profiles, which all require access to laboratory facilities and, generally, prior isolation of the pathogen. However, despite the usefulness of serological techniques in plant pathology, and their application to detection of certain B. napus pathogens (Schmechel et al, 1994), there appear to have been only three reports of serological approaches to detection of L. maculans (Dahiya, 1988;Stace-Smith et al, 1993;Balesdent et al, 1995). Dahiya (1988) used polyclonal antisera, in conjunction with ELISA, to detect L. maculans in infected plants.…”

Section: Serological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differentiating A and B groups of Leptosphaeria maculans, causal agent of stem canker (blackleg) of oilseed rape

1999

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Stem canker or blackleg of brassicas, caused by Leptosphaeria maculans, is one of the most damaging diseases of winter oilseed rape in the UK. Airborne ascospores, released in autumn and winter, initiate leaf infections which may lead to colonization of the petiole and, later in the season, formation of stem lesions and cankers. Although isolates of the pathogen differ in ability to cause damaging stem cankers, this is not readily apparent from leaf spotting or stem lesion symptoms. However, several cultural, biochemical and genetic characteristics appear to be associated with the ability to form damaging stem cankers and isolates can be assigned to one of two groups, termed A and B, on the basis of differences in these characteristics. To investigate the relationship between leaf spotting symptoms and subsequent stem canker formation, and to improve understanding of the epidemiology of this pathogen, it is desirable to differentiate between the stem canker forming A group and the less damaging B group of L. maculans. Characterization of isolate type is also important in seed testing and crop breeding programs, particularly in countries such as Canada and Poland where the A type is not ubiquitous. This article reviews methods, including plant assays, assessments of growth characteristics in vitro, isozyme analyses, secondary metabolite profiling, serology, and nucleic acid analyses, that can be used to differentiate the A and B groups

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Section: Serological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, monoclonal antibodies that react specifically with A but not B group isolates of L. maculans have been identified (Stace-Smith et al, 1993). Of these, two were selected that reacted positively with nine A group isolates but not with four B group isolates or with five other common fungal species.…”

Section: Serological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiating A and B groups of Leptosphaeria maculans, causal agent of stem canker (blackleg) of oilseed rape

1999

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“…Under these Pest Act regulations, sowing or transporting infected seed was prohibited and farmers could not grow oilseed rape for 4 years in a field in which the disease had been found. Detection of seed‐borne infection by the A group of L. maculans is now possible using monoclonal antibodies (Stace‐Smith et al ., 1993). Although the disease eventually spread throughout most of Alberta, the rate of spread was considerably decreased by this legislation.…”

Section: Implications For Disease Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and management of Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker) on oilseed rape in Australia, Canada and Europe

Kharbanda²,

et al. 2001

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Phoma stem canker (blackleg), caused by Leptosphaeria maculans, is an important disease on oilseed rape (canola, rapeseed, Brassica napus, Brassica juncea, Brassica rapa) causing seedling death, lodging or early senescence in Australia, Canada and Europe, but not in China. The two forms of L. maculans (A group and B group) that occur on oilseed rape are now considered to be separate species. The epidemiology and severity of phoma stem canker differs between continents due to differences in the pathogen population structure, oilseed rape species and cultivars grown, climate and agricultural practices. Epidemics are most severe in Australia, where only the A group occurs, and can be damaging in Canada and western Europe, where both A and B groups occur, although their proportions vary within regions and throughout the year. Epidemics are slight in China, where the A group has not been found. Dry climates (Australia, western Canada) lengthen the persistence of infected debris and may synchronize the release of airborne ascospores (after rain) with seedling emergence. L. maculans spreads from cotyledon and leaf infections down petioles to reach the stem, with infections on cotyledons and leaves early in the season producing the most damaging stem cankers at the stem base (crown). Development of both crown cankers and phoma stem lesions higher up stems is most rapid in regions with high temperatures from flowering to harvest, such as Australia and Canada. Breeding for resistance (genetic, disease escape or tolerance), stubble management, crop rotation and fungicide seed treatments are important strategies for control of phoma stem canker in all areas. Fungicide spray treatments are justified only in regions such as western Europe where high yields are obtained, and accurate forecasts of epidemic severity are needed to optimize their use.

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“…Le choix et la preparation de I'immunogene, pour I'obtention d'anticorps antifongiques, sont tres varies (Gleason et al, 1987;Dewey et al, 1989;Sundaram et al, 1991;Linfield, 1993;Stace-Smith et al, 1993;Velicheti et ul., 1993). L'immunogene utilisk pour preparer le serum anti-P. viciue est constitui d'un extrait total de conidies et de conidiophores broyb.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Détection du mildiou du pois (Peronospora viciae) par méthode immunoenzymatique (ELISA) dans les lots de semences ¹

Corbiere¹,

Molinero

Lefebvre

et al. 1995

EPPO Bulletin

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Un sérum polyclonal a été produit en utilisant les conidiophores broyés de Peronospora viciae comme immunogène. Deux méthodes ELISA ont été comparées: une méthode indirecte (ACP‐ELISA) et une méthode sandwich révélée avec un système d'amplification à la biotinestreptavidine (DAS‐ELISA‐biotine). En DAS‐ELISA‐biotine, le champignon mélangéà des graines saines était mieux révélé qu'en ACP‐ELISA; 2,5ng de protéines de P. viciae par ml pouvaient alors être détectés. Les principaux agents pathogènes et saprophytes des graines de pois (13 genres testés) n'étaient pas reconnus en DAS‐ELISA‐biotine. Cette méthode a été appliquée à l'analyse de lots de graines. Pour chaque lot, 32 groupes de 30 graines ont été prélevés et le tampon de lavage des graines a été analysé après une nuit de macération des graines, sous agitation. Des graines individuelles ont également été testées. La majorité des lots analysés présentaient un faible degré d'infection (de 2,5 à 10 ng de protéines fongiques par ml). De plus, le degré d'infection des graines individuelles était très hétérogène au sein d'un lot. Cette méthode ELISA s'est avérée plus fiable que la méthode traditionnelle (observation microscopique des oospores dans l'eau de lavage des graines) employée actuellement pour détecter le mildiou dans les lots de graines.

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Monoclonal antibodies differentiate the weakly virulent from the highly virulent strain ofLeptosphaeria maculans, the organism causing blackleg of canola

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Differentiating A and B groups of Leptosphaeria maculans, causal agent of stem canker (blackleg) of oilseed rape

Differentiating A and B groups of Leptosphaeria maculans, causal agent of stem canker (blackleg) of oilseed rape

Epidemiology and management of Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker) on oilseed rape in Australia, Canada and Europe

Détection du mildiou du pois (Peronospora viciae) par méthode immunoenzymatique (ELISA) dans les lots de semences ¹

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Monoclonal antibodies differentiate the weakly virulent from the highly virulent strain ofLeptosphaeria maculans, the organism causing blackleg of canola

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Differentiating A and B groups of Leptosphaeria maculans, causal agent of stem canker (blackleg) of oilseed rape

Differentiating A and B groups of Leptosphaeria maculans, causal agent of stem canker (blackleg) of oilseed rape

Epidemiology and management of Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker) on oilseed rape in Australia, Canada and Europe

Détection du mildiou du pois (Peronospora viciae) par méthode immunoenzymatique (ELISA) dans les lots de semences 1

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Détection du mildiou du pois (Peronospora viciae) par méthode immunoenzymatique (ELISA) dans les lots de semences ¹