Monoclonal antibodies bind identically to both spores and hyphae of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>

Reijula, Kari; Kurup, Viswanath P.; Kumar, Anoopa; Fink, Jordan N.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb00164.x

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, the development of a commercial kit requires the use of MAbs because of the disadvantages inherent in polyclonal antisera, such as limited quantities of antiserum and variability from batch to batch. MAbs have been produced against a variety of A. fumigatus molecules (19,22,65,198,201,204,323,329,524,621,629), among which only two have been identified as circulating antigens, i.e., GM and ASPFI (19,621,629). The choice of the immunological method used to detect the circulating antigens is a critical step in that the lowest threshold of detection possible must be established.…”

Section: Serodiagnosis In the Immunocompromised Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergillus fumigatusand Aspergillosis

1999

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SUMMARY Aspergillus fumigatus is one of the most ubiquitous of the airborne saprophytic fungi. Humans and animals constantly inhale numerous conidia of this fungus. The conidia are normally eliminated in the immunocompetent host by innate immune mechanisms, and aspergilloma and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, uncommon clinical syndromes, are the only infections observed in such hosts. Thus, A. fumigatus was considered for years to be a weak pathogen. With increases in the number of immunosuppressed patients, however, there has been a dramatic increase in severe and usually fatal invasive aspergillosis, now the most common mold infection worldwide. In this review, the focus is on the biology of A. fumigatus and the diseases it causes. Included are discussions of (i) genomic and molecular characterization of the organism, (ii) clinical and laboratory methods available for the diagnosis of aspergillosis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, (iii) identification of host and fungal factors that play a role in the establishment of the fungus in vivo, and (iv) problems associated with antifungal therapy.

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Section: Serodiagnosis In the Immunocompromised Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergillus fumigatusand Aspergillosis

1999

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“…Further research will be other important functions of the host immune defence are also impaired by gliotoxin, in-focused on molecular characterisation of the A fumigatus diffusate toxin and elaboration of its cluding induction of cytotoxic and alloreactive T cells. 22 Aurasperone-C, fumigaclavine-C, effect on intracellular signalling pathways in macrophages that leads to activation of the helvolic acid, and fumagillin have not been reported to have direct toxic effects on macro-NADPH oxidase complex and cytokine gene expression. 29-31 phages, but they do elicit severe clinical effects.…”

Section:   mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusible component from the spore surface of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus which inhibits the macrophage oxidative burst is distinct from gliotoxin and other hyphal toxins

Mitchell

Slight

Donaldson

1997

Thorax

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C, or aurasperone-C is not proved. The spore toxin may exert its effect through its Background -The fungus Aspergillus ability to diffuse rapidly into the lung lining fumigatus, whose spores are present fluid, diminish the macrophage oxidative ubiquitously in the air, causes a range of burst, and play a part in allowing A diseases in the human lung. A small mofumigatus to persist in the lung and manilecular weight (<10 kD) heat stable toxin fest its well known pathogenic effects. released from the spores of clinical and (Thorax 1997;52:796-801) environmental isolates of A fumigatus within minutes of deposition in aqueous Keywords: Aspergillus fumigatus, macrophage, gliotoxin, solution has previously been described. A fumagillin, helvolic acid, fumigaclavine-C, aurasperone-C. key effect of the toxin was to inhibit the oxidative burst of macrophages as measured by superoxide anion release. It was The fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is commonly hypothesised that the toxin was one of the found in the environment, its usual habitat commonly found A fumigatus hyphal tox-being dead or decaying organic matter. The ins such as gliotoxin. This inhibitor may fungus causes many human lung diseases 1 2 and be an important factor which allows the a major factor in determining the pathogenicity fungus to colonise the lung.of the fungus is the size of the spores (around Methods -The spore derived inhibitor was 3 m in diameter) which are present ubishown to inhibit the respiratory burst of quitously in the air. Mullins et al 3 have shown rat alveolar macrophages, as measured that many more spores of A fumigatus are presby the generation of superoxide anion. ent in the lungs at necropsy than would be Samples of the spore diffusate were subject anticipated from their presence in the air. The to reversed phase high performance spores therefore appear to have some survival liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin layer advantage in the human lung over other spores. chromatography (TLC), high perform-The survival rate of spores of A fumigatus in ance thin layer chromatography rabbit lung is greater than that of control spores (HPTLC), or organic extraction followed of a similar size. 4 Several factors have been by TLC or HPLC to identify the presence suggested as contributing to the pathogenesis of gliotoxin, fumagillin, helvolic acid, of A fumigatus. fumigaclavine-C, and aurasperone-C.Proteases, including a 32 kD chymotrypsinCommercially obtained preparations of like protease present on spores and hyphae, the toxins gliotoxin, fumagillin and hel-have been shown to reduce cell spreading 5 and volic acid and extracts enriched for promote detachment of cultured cells. 6 7 A low fumigaclavine-C and aurasperone-C were molecular weight component from the spore used as internal and external standards surface has been shown to inhibit the spreading and in the respiratory burst meas-and chemotaxis of macrophages, 5 to inhibit urements.the macrophage respiratory burst, 8 and also to Results -Gliotoxin, fumagillin, helvolic prevent phagocyt...

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“…Location of 2 A. terreus 23-1 Spores. Immunogold labeling electron microscopy has been used to determine the localization of antigens in microorganisms (17,21,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). Binding of immunogold particles was seen in the cytoplasm of the conidia of A. terreus 23-1 grown for 4, but not 2, days in PD medium (Figure 4A), and the number of bound immunogold particles increased with time through days 8 and 14 of culture (Figure 4B,C).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Polyclonal Antibodies against Territrem B and Detection of Territrem B in the Conidia of Aspergillus terreus 23-1 by Immunoelectron Microscopy

Peng

Cheng

Liu

et al. 2004

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Territrem B, a fungal metabolite isolated from Aspergillums terreus 23-1, is a tremorgenic mycotoxin. Immunoelectron microscopy using anti-territrem B polyclonal antibody was used to detect territrem B in the fungal body of A. terreus 23-1 at different times of culture without shaking on potato dextrose (PD) agar medium. The anti-territrem B serum was produced by immunization of rabbits with 4beta-hydroxymethyl-4beta-demethylterritrem B-sccinate bound by a linker to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. This antiserum recognized territrems and immunoelectron microscopy using this antiserum, and colloidal gold-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG antibodies showed that territrem B was localized to the fungal body of A. terreus 23-1. Territrem B was first seen in the cytoplasm of the conidia after 4 days' culture on PD agar medium. Maximal territrem B production in the conidia was seen on the 14th day of culture; however, territrem B was not formed in the hyphae at any stage of culture. These results are consistent with the previous finding that the formation of territrems is related to fungal sporulation.

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Monoclonal antibodies bind identically to both spores and hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Aspergillus fumigatusand Aspergillosis

Aspergillus fumigatusand Aspergillosis

Diffusible component from the spore surface of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus which inhibits the macrophage oxidative burst is distinct from gliotoxin and other hyphal toxins

Production of Polyclonal Antibodies against Territrem B and Detection of Territrem B in the Conidia of Aspergillus terreus 23-1 by Immunoelectron Microscopy

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