Monoclonal antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus 146S and 12S particles

McCullough, Kenneth C.; Butcher, R.N.

doi:10.1007/bf01320777

Cited by 44 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…The FMDV type O UK/2001 isolate was grown in baby hamster kidney 21 (BHK-21) cell monolayers as described previously (19). Briefly, BHK-21 cells in serum-free Glasgow modified Eagle medium (Invitrogen) supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine and 7.5% (wt/vol) bicarbonate were infected at a multiplicity of infection of 0.001 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID 50 ) per cell and incubated for 24 h at 37°C with 6% (vol/vol) CO 2 until a cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed by light microscopy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immune Defenses Induced by CpG Do Not Promote Vaccine-Induced Protection against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Pigs

Alves¹,

Guzylack‐Piriou²,

Juillard

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Emergency vaccination as part of the control strategies against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has the potential to limit virus spread and reduce large-scale culling. To reduce the time between vaccination and the onset of immunity, immunostimulatory CpG was tested for its capacity to promote early protection against FMDV challenge in pigs. To this end, CpG 2142, an efficient inducer of alpha interferon, was injected intramuscularly. Increased transcription of Mx1, OAS, and IRF-7 was identified as a sensitive measurement of CpG-induced innate immunity, with increased levels detectable to at least 4 days after injection of CpG formulated with Emulsigen. Despite this, CpG combined with an FMD vaccine did not promote protection. Pigs vaccinated 2 days before challenge had disease development, which was at least as acute as that of unvaccinated controls. All pigs vaccinated 7 days before challenge were protected without a noticeable effect of CpG. In summary, our results demonstrate the caution required when translating findings from mouse models to natural hosts of FMDV.Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) represents one of the most economically important diseases of cloven-hoofed livestock. Its causative agent, FMD virus (FMDV), belongs to the Picornaviridae family and is a member of the genus Aphthovirus, together with equine rhinitis A virus. Infection with FMDV occurs commonly via the respiratory tract following contact or inhalation of airborne virus, with the major site of primary replication being the mucosal epithelia of the nasopharynx.In Europe, the current control strategy of an FMD outbreak relies on a nonvaccination policy. In the case of an epidemic, the primary actions against the spread of the disease have been culling of the affected herds, including preemptive slaughtering in a control zone, together with strict control of animal movement. Such drastic measures resulted in the slaughter of 6.5 million animals during the European outbreak in 2001. As a consequence, a strong desire to reduce reliance on large-scale culling of animals to control future outbreaks of FMD has developed, and one of the control measures being considered is the application of emergency vaccination. However, due to the exceptional rapidity of virus spread during FMD outbreaks, one important element for improving current vaccines is the promotion of an early induction of protection.FMDV infection elicits a rapid humoral response, followed by clearance of the opsonized virus complexes by phagocytic cells (20). Protection against FMDV correlates with the induction of high levels of neutralizing antibodies in serum, already detectable after 3 to 4 days postinfection (8). However, trials using high-dose conventional vaccines based on inactivated FMDV in cattle (9), pigs (26), and sheep (6) have shown that animals can be protected as early as 4 days postvaccination, in the absence of significant levels of neutralizing antibodies in the serum. This indicates that mechanisms other than specific antibodies were involved. For the curren...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immune Defenses Induced by CpG Do Not Promote Vaccine-Induced Protection against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Pigs

Alves¹,

Guzylack‐Piriou²,

Juillard

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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show abstract

“…Isolates of FMDV were propagated in BHK-21 cells as previously described [16] and viral titres were determined by end-point titration on BHK-21 cells [5]. O UKG 2001, C1 Noville, O Bulgaria 1/91, O VietNam 7/ 97, A Brazil 10/93, A Turkey/99 and Asia-1 Turkey/99 were kindly provided by Drs.…”

Section: Virus Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay of foot-and-mouth disease virus, antibodies and plasmacytoid dendritic cells: virus opsonization under non-neutralizing conditions results in enhanced interferon-alpha responses

Lannes¹,

Python²,

Summerfield³

2012

Vet Res

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Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly infectious member of the Picornaviridae inducing an acute disease of cloven-hoofed species. Vaccine-induced immune protection correlates with the presence of high levels of neutralizing antibodies but also opsonising antibodies have been proposed as an important mechanism of the immune response contributing to virus clearance by macrophages and leading to the production of type-I interferon (IFN) by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). The present study demonstrates that the opsonising antibody titres mediating enhanced IFN-α responses in pDC were similar to neutralizing titres, when antigenically related viruses from the same serotype were employed. However, sera cross-reacted also with non-neutralized isolates of multiple serotypes, when tested in this assay. Both uncomplexed virus and immune complexed virus stimulated pDC via Toll-like receptor 7. An additional finding of potential importance for strain-specific differences in virulence and/or immunogenicity was that pDC activation by FMDV strongly differed between viral isolates. Altogether, our results indicate that opsonising antibodies can have a broader reactivity than neutralizing antibodies and may contribute to antiviral responses induced against antigenically distant viruses.

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“…To this end, FMDV O1 Lausanne was propagated in BHK-21 cells and inactivated by exposure to UV light, as described previously (16,17). ␤ 7 integrin expression was assessed on day 5 of culture using the mAb FIB27 and mAbs against porcine CD4 (74-12-4) and CD8 (11-295-33) (hybridomas provided by Dr. A. Saalmüller, Veterinary University, Vienna, Austria) to allow for gating on the FMDV-responsive CD4 ϩ CD8 ϩ porcine memory Th population (18,19).…”

Section: Modc-lymphocyte Coculturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Induction of Mucosa-Type Dendritic Cells by All-Trans Retinoic Acid

Saurer¹,

McCullough²,

Summerfield³

2007

The Journal of Immunology

122

112

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Efficient induction of mucosal immunity usually employs nasal or oral vaccination while parenteral immunization generally is ineffective at generating mucosal immune responses. This relates to the unique ability of resident mucosal dendritic cells (DC) to induce IgA switching and to imprint mucosa-specific homing receptors on lymphocytes. Based on the well-established plasticity of the DC system, this study sought to investigate whether peripheral DC could be modulated toward “mucosa-type” DC by treatment with immunomodulatory, and therefore potentially adjuvant-like, factors. In this study, we show that monocyte-derived DCs pretreated with the vitamin A derivative all-trans retinoic acid (RA) indeed acquired several attributes characteristic of mucosal DC: secretion of TGF-β and IL-6 and the capacity to augment mucosal homing receptor expression and IgA responses in cocultured lymphocytes. Addition of a TGF-β-neutralizing Ab to cocultures significantly inhibited α4β7 integrin, but not CCR9 mRNA expression by the lymphocytes. Both α4β7 integrin and CCR9 mRNA expression, but not IgA production, were suppressed in the presence of a RA receptor antagonist. None of the observed effects on the lymphocytes were influenced by citral, a retinal dehydrogenase inhibitor, arguing against a role for de novo-synthesized RA. Collectively, our findings identified a novel role for RA as a mucosal immune modulator targeting DC. Our results further demonstrate that DC can act as efficient carriers of RA at least in vitro. Consequently, RA targeting of DC shows potential for promoting vaccine-induced mucosal immune responses via a parenteral route of immunization.

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Monoclonal antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus 146S and 12S particles

Cited by 44 publications

References 21 publications

Innate Immune Defenses Induced by CpG Do Not Promote Vaccine-Induced Protection against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Pigs

Innate Immune Defenses Induced by CpG Do Not Promote Vaccine-Induced Protection against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Pigs

Interplay of foot-and-mouth disease virus, antibodies and plasmacytoid dendritic cells: virus opsonization under non-neutralizing conditions results in enhanced interferon-alpha responses

In Vitro Induction of Mucosa-Type Dendritic Cells by All-Trans Retinoic Acid

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