Monochromatic Ophthalmoscopy and Fundus Photography

Ducrey, N; Delori, François C.; Gragoudas, Evangelos S.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1979.01020010140009

Cited by 50 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Another possibility is that this is pseudofluorescence, with the fluid reflecting light back. It is therefore likely that what we actually saw was in fact not abnormal FAF but the normal fluorescence of the RPE seen through a defect in the xanthophyll pigment [11,12]. Moreover this pseudo- or relative AF might also be due to macular stretching with displacement of macular pigments and reduction in pigment density [10].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

Autofluorescence Imaging of Cystoid Macular Edema in Diabetic Retinopathy

Pece¹,

Isola²,

Holz

et al. 2009

Ophthalmologica

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Aim: Our purpose was to assess fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images in patients with diabetic retinopathy and cystoid macular edema (CME) and their correlation with fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings. Methods: Sixty-eight eyes of 34 consecutive patients with diabetic retinopathy were examined with autofluorescence imaging using a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope, FA and OCT. The eyes were divided into 2 groups, group 1 with CME and group 2 without. Results: In the 44 eyes of group 1 (65% of the series), we identified 3 patterns of FAF: (1) multicystic increased FA (57%), (2) a single cyst of increased FAF (16%), (3) combined single- and multicystic increased FAF (27%). FA and OCT gave a positive correlation between cystic increased FAF and CME (r = 0.95; p = 0.001). Visual acuity loss was not correlated with the size of the cystic area (p = 0.83), but it was related to significant macular thickening (p = 0.007). Conclusions: Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy can selectively visualize autofluorescent, multilobulated spaces in eyes with diabetic CME. Even if OCT remains preferable for evaluating macular thickening and cysts, FAF might be another useful easy test to rapidly distinguish this entity noninvasively and with no risk.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

Autofluorescence Imaging of Cystoid Macular Edema in Diabetic Retinopathy

Pece¹,

Isola²,

Holz

et al. 2009

Ophthalmologica

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“…A number of groups have demonstrated computer algorithms for quantifying pathological features such as macular oedema,11 12exudates,13 and drusen 1415 However, since by varying the laser wavelength the contrast of these pathological features can be increased,8 16 then multiple wavelength imaging should offer improved accuracy for these algorithms. Present direct digital image acquisition advantages are also retained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel approach towards colour imaging using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope

Manivannan

Kirkpatrick

Sharp

et al. 1998

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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Aims-Conventional fundus imaging using a fundus camera produces colour fundus pictures. The scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) has the advantages of lower levels of light exposure, improved contrast, and direct digital imaging but until now has produced monochromatic images as a laser of single wavelength is used. True representation of the fundus is possible by combining images taken using blue, green, and red lasers. Methods-A custom built SLO was used to capture blue, green, and red fundus images from suitable volunteers and patients with fundus disease. Images were corrected for eye movement and combined to form a colour image. Colour fundus photographs were taken using a fundus camera for comparison with the SLO image. Results-The background fundus and retinal vasculature had similar appearances with the two imaging modalities. Internal limiting membrane reflections were prominent with the SLO. Identification of new vessels in the diabetic fundus was easier with the SLO than the colour fundus photographs. Conclusion-A colour SLO oVers all the advantages of the present monochromatic imaging system with the added advantage of true colour representation of the fundus. (Br J Ophthalmol 1998;82:342-345) Confocal scanning laser technology has been in routine use for imaging of the fundus in a variety of diseases for a number of years.1-5 A prototype SLO was built in Aberdeen 6 and has been used to study device performance characteristics 7 and evaluate its potential in routine clinical diagnosis. In particular, recent work has studied the spectral reflectance of the fundus at wavelengths ranging from 488 nm to 830 nm. 8Colour fundus photography remains the gold standard for the documentation of fundus pathology. The SLO imaging system oVers some advantages over fundus photography such as improved image contrast by the selection of appropriate wavelength for the laser, 8 reduced power levels, and confocal imaging but the images are monochrome. In order to overcome this we have developed a colour SLO imaging system. Patients are imaged using three primary colour lasers and the resultant images are combined to form a true colour image. In this paper, we describe the imaging system and compare selected colour SLO images with colour fundus photographs. MethodsUsing the custom built Aberdeen SLO fundus images were captured at a resolution of 768 × 512 pixels using a frame grabber in an IBM compatible PC at blue (argon, 488 nm), green (coumarin dye, 547 nm), and red (diode, 670 nm) wavelengths. Image acquisition time was 40 ms per frame, but allowing for the change in wavelength the total imaging time was less than 1 minute. Raw images were registered to correct for eye movement using Visilog software (Noesis, France) running on a SUN Sparc station. The intensity of the registered images was then corrected to take into account the variation in the photodiode response at different wavelengths. These correction factors were computed from images of a uniformly reflective model eye with a fundus made of Spectral...

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“…Monochromatic ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography have been used to enhance visualisation of certain fundus structures by improving contrast and optical quality. 2 Confocal scanning laser ophthalmology3 is a new method available to the ophthalmologist for the acquisition offundus images. In the scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) the entrance and exit pupils are inverted so that a narrow 1 mm beam of laser traverses the optical axis to a single 10 tim point on the fundus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%