Monochamus galloprovincialis and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus life history in an area severely affected by pine wilt disease: Implications for forest management

Hydrocarbons catalysed by TmCYP4G122 and TmCYP4G123 in Tenebrio molitor modulate the olfactory response of the parasitoid Scleroderma guani

“…The parasitic pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner et Buhrer) infects pine trees causing wilting disease and widespread damage to forests across Asia, North America, and the Europe (Mota et al, 2009;Firmino et al, 2017). The parasite is transported between trees by insect vectors, typically Japanese pine sawyer beetles (Monochamus alternatus), that lay eggs in the bark of dead timber (Ding et al, 2001).…”

Selection and Validation of Suitable Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Analysis in Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus 

“…Developing environmentally friendly pest control methods, such as RNAi or nematophagous fungal formulations, is a necessary alternative solution. Considering the economic importance and the urgency of developing effective and e cient control strategies, further ecological, physiological, and molecular biological explorations on B. xylophilus has been extensively conducted over the past decades [9][10][11][12][13][14] . In the continual research process, further studies involving various aspects of the molecular mechanism of pine wood nematodes, including development, immunity, energy metabolism, reproduction, chemoreception, and other biological process are required [15][16][17][18] .…”

Sublethal infection of different pine species by the pinewood nematode

“…xylophilus travel within the trachea of Monochamus adults, which are their vehicle to exit depleted pine tree hosts and to colonize other pines that are susceptible, dying, or recently dead (Giblin‐Davis et al ., 2003). The pinewood nematode, using local species of pine sawyer beetles as vectors, can infect a remarkably large array of pine species within its native distribution and recently invaded regions (Togashi and Jikumaru, 2007; Pimentel et al ., 2014; Firmino et al ., 2017). The naturally widespread occurrence of Monochamus permits B .…”

“…In Portugal, which has a Mediterranean climate and dry summers, the transmission of B . xylophilus to its host occurs mostly just before the summer dry season (Firmino et al ., 2017). Furthermore, high temperatures of around 28–29°C maximize the growth rates of the pathogen, which may increase its pathogenicity at higher temperatures (Pimentel and Ayres, 2018).…”