Monoamine Oxidase A Activity and Norepinephrine Level in Hippocampus Determine Hyperwheel Running in SPORTS Rats

Miyamoto, Masaki; Harada, Nagakatsu; Hara, Sayuri; Sano, Atsuko; Seno, Hiromitsu; Takahashi, Akira; Morita, Yusuke; Nakaya, Yutaka

doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301028

Cited by 39 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Further studies of activityselected lines of mice (the HR lines) and of rats bred for treadmill endurance have revealed alterations in brain function that seem to indicate changes in motivation or propensity to exercise on wheels Foley et al, 2006;Morishima et al, 2006;Belke and Garland, 2007;Keeney et al, 2008;Waters et al, 2008 Howlett et al, 2009;Meek et al, 2009;Kolb et al, 2010), including altered plasticity for some traits in the HR lines of mice (Rhodes et al, 2003b;Swallow et al, 2005;Garland and Kelly, 2006;Gomes et al, 2009). Therefore, genetic factors are known to be involved in both motivation and ability to engage in voluntary wheel running in rodents.…”

Section: Genetic Basis Of Variation In Physical Activity and Related mentioning

confidence: 99%

The biological control of voluntary exercise, spontaneous physical activity and daily energy expenditure in relation to obesity: human and rodent perspectives

Garland

Schutz

Chappell

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

375

434

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Summary Mammals expend energy in many ways, including basic cellular maintenance and repair, digestion, thermoregulation, locomotion, growth and reproduction. These processes can vary tremendously among species and individuals, potentially leading to large variation in daily energy expenditure (DEE). Locomotor energy costs can be substantial for large-bodied species and those with high-activity lifestyles. For humans in industrialized societies, locomotion necessary for daily activities is often relatively low, so it has been presumed that activity energy expenditure and DEE are lower than in our ancestors. Whether this is true and has contributed to a rise in obesity is controversial. In humans, much attention has centered on spontaneous physical activity (SPA) or non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), the latter sometimes defined so broadly as to include all energy expended due to activity, exclusive of volitional exercise. Given that most people in Western societies engage in little voluntary exercise, increasing NEAT may be an effective way to maintain DEE and combat overweight and obesity. One way to promote NEAT is to decrease the amount of time spent on sedentary behaviours (e.g. watching television). The effects of voluntary exercise on other components of physical activity are highly variable in humans, partly as a function of age, and have rarely been studied in rodents. However, most rodent studies indicate that food consumption increases in the presence of wheels; therefore, other aspects of physical activity are not reduced enough to compensate for the energetic cost of wheel running. Most rodent studies also show negative effects of wheel access on body fat, especially in males. Sedentary behaviours per se have not been studied in rodents in relation to obesity. Several lines of evidence demonstrate the important role of dopamine, in addition to other neural signaling networks (e.g. the endocannabinoid system), in the control of voluntary exercise. A largely separate literature points to a key role for orexins in SPA and NEAT. Brain reward centers are involved in both types of physical activities and eating behaviours, likely leading to complex interactions. Moreover, voluntary exercise and, possibly, eating can be addictive. A growing body of research considers the relationships between personality traits and physical activity, appetite, obesity and other aspects of physical and mental health. Future studies should explore the neurobiology, endocrinology and genetics of physical activity and sedentary behaviour by examining key brain areas, neurotransmitters and hormones involved in motivation, reward and/or the regulation of energy balance.

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Section: Genetic Basis Of Variation In Physical Activity and Related mentioning

confidence: 99%

The biological control of voluntary exercise, spontaneous physical activity and daily energy expenditure in relation to obesity: human and rodent perspectives

Garland

Schutz

Chappell

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

375

434

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Morishima-Yamamoto et al (2005) established an original Wistar line of rats (SPORT rats) that run voluntarily 6 times longer than control rats, and the increased running is thought to result from decreases in MAO-A activity and increases in norepinephrine release in the hippocampus (Morishima et al 2006). However, in the present study, we found no evidence of hippocampal MAO-A involvement in the FSM-stimulated increases in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Fermented soymilk increases voluntary wheel running activity and sexual behavior in male rats

Sato

Shinohara

Kaneko

et al. 2010

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Wheel running by rodents is thought to reflect voluntary exercise in humans. The present study examined the effect of fermented soymilk (FSM) on voluntary wheel running in rats. FSM was prepared from soymilk (SM) using the bacteria Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides. The rats were fed a normal diet for 3 weeks followed by a 3-week administration of diet containing FSM or SM (5% w/w), and then the diets were switched back to a normal diet for 3 weeks. The voluntary wheel running activity was increased by FSM administration, although no changes were observed by SM administration. This effect was observed 2 weeks after FSM administration and lasted 1 week after deprivation of FSM. Then we evaluated the effect of FSM on sexual behavior in male rats. FSM administration for 10 days significantly increased the number of mounts. The protein expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) increased in the hippocampus by FSM administration and it is suggested that FSM may change norepinephrine or dopamine signaling in the brain. Our study provides the first evidence that FSM increases voluntary wheel running activity and sexual behavior and suggests that TH may be involved in these effects.

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“…In rodents, acute motor activity was associated with an increased turnover of noradrenaline in the mediobasal hypothalamus [24], In a special strain of rats characterized by high motor activity elevated levels of extracellular NE were measured causing a down-regulation of alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors [36], Therefore, we had hypothesized that similar to the action of noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, repeated episodes of noradrenergic stimulation could induce postsynaptic changes leading to decreased sensitivity for pharmacological or psychological inputs. However, the results of the present study do not support the assumption that exercise-induced downregulation of central noradrenergic neurotransmission mediates the anxiolytic and antidepressive effects of exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological and Neuroendocrine Responses to Social Stress and to the Administration of the alpha-2-Receptor Antagonist, Yohimbine, in Highly Trained Endurance Athletes in Comparison to Untrained Healthy Controls

Sommer¹,

Braumann²,

Althoff³

et al. 2011

Pharmacopsychiatry

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T Introduction:Several clinical studies suggest antidepressive and anxiolytic effects of regular endurance training. The mechanisms by which exercise exerts these effects are still unclear. It was hypothesized that athletes might show a diminished reaction to psychosocial stress and noradrenergic stimulation. Methods: 12 male athletes and 12 healthy untrained male controls underwent a challenge paradigm on 3 separate days; the alpha-2-receptor antagonist yohimbine (0.4mg/kg), placebo or a psychosocial stress test (SST) were administered. Responses were measured by psychometric scales, plasma cortisol, blood pressure and heart rate.Results: Before testing, psychometric variables and cortisol levels were not different between the 2 groups. In comparison to placebo conditions, both the social stress test and the administration of yohimbine were followed by significant increases of anxiety symptoms, plasma cortisol, heart rate and blood pressure in both groups. However, these responses were not significantly different between the group of athletes and the control group. Discussion: These results do not support the hypotheses that high aerobic fitness is associated with attenuated psychological and neuroendocrine responses to yohimbine or to psychosocial stress.

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Monoamine Oxidase A Activity and Norepinephrine Level in Hippocampus Determine Hyperwheel Running in SPORTS Rats

Cited by 39 publications

References 62 publications

The biological control of voluntary exercise, spontaneous physical activity and daily energy expenditure in relation to obesity: human and rodent perspectives

The biological control of voluntary exercise, spontaneous physical activity and daily energy expenditure in relation to obesity: human and rodent perspectives

Fermented soymilk increases voluntary wheel running activity and sexual behavior in male rats

Psychological and Neuroendocrine Responses to Social Stress and to the Administration of the alpha-2-Receptor Antagonist, Yohimbine, in Highly Trained Endurance Athletes in Comparison to Untrained Healthy Controls

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