Monoamine metabolite concentrations in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of patients with histologically verified Alzheimer's dementia.

Palmer, Alan M.; Sims, Neil R.; Bowen, David M.; Neary, David; Palo, J.; Wikström, Juhani; Davison, Alan

doi:10.1136/jnnp.47.5.481

Cited by 69 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The level of dopamine in several brain areas, including the caudate nucleus and hippocampus, has been reported to be reduced (Carlsson et aL, 1980). The concentration of homovanillic acid (HVA), the main metabolite of dopamine, has also been found to be significantly lower in AD patients than in controls, both in the striatum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (Carlsson et aL, 1980;Gottfries et aL, 1969;MiilsXt and Rinne, 1981;Palmer et aL, 1984). There are also, however, reports showing no change in dopamine or HVA in AD patients in various brain areas (Cross et aL, 1983;Yates et aL, 1983) or HVA levels in the CSF (Parkes et aL, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Brain dopamine D-2 receptors in senile dementia

Rinne

Säkö

Paljärvi

et al. 1986

J. Neural Transmission

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Brain dopamine D-2 receptors were analysed in the caudate nucleus, putamen and nucleus accumbens in 49 patients with different types of neuropathologically verified dementia and in 39 controls by the binding of 3H-spiroperidol. The binding was significantly decreased in all brain areas in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), while the changes in patients with multi-infarct dementia (MID) or combined dementia (CD) were non-significant. According to a Scatchard analysis, this decrease in binding was due to the reduced number of receptors. On the other hand, the binding of 3H-spiroperidol was significantly increased in those patients who had received neuroleptic drugs. Significant correlations between 3H-spiroperidol binding and neuropathological changes were seen only in AD patients in the nucleus accumbens. The nucleus accumbens was also the only brain area in which there was a significant correlation between dopamine D-2 and the number of muscarinic receptors in AD patients. The findings of this study on dopamine D-2 receptors suggest the involvement of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in AD but not in the other two major types of dementia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Brain dopamine D-2 receptors in senile dementia

Rinne

Säkö

Paljärvi

et al. 1986

J. Neural Transmission

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“…Few studies have dealt with the influence of drugs on the activities of the central monoaminergic systems (see review by Gottfries 1987); these are considered abnormal (Gottfries et al 1985;Arai et al 1984;Gottffies 1983;Rossor and Iversen 1986;Palmer et al 1984;Bareggi et al 1982;Tyrrell et al 1987). Stirling Meyer et al (1977) indicated some increase of HVA and 5-hydroxy-indolacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after administration of a preparation consisting of tyrosine, 5-hydroxytryptophan and carbidopa to patients with Alzheimer's or multi-infarct dementia (MID).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Clinical and biochemical responses to therapy in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia

Corona

Cucchi

Frattini

et al. 1989

Eur Arch Psychiatr Neurol Sci

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Memory performance, central monoaminergic function and sympathetic nerve activity were studied in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) or with multi-infarct dementia before and after 4 weeks with single or combined drug therapy (choline-piracetam). Analysis of the levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and also in urine (plus 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy mandelic acid) showed that the basal values of HVA in the CSF and urine were lower in the more severely demented compared with the mildly demented subjects in both groups. The combined drug treatment resulted in a statistically significant increase in the MHPG level in the CSF of mildly demented subjects of the DAT group, while it seemed not to influence the other monoamine metabolites. The sympathetic nerve activity was similar in both patient groups and was unchanged after therapy. These findings suggest a dopaminergic deficit in advanced stages of the disease and a possible enhancement of the central noradrenergic output with therapy. No effects of therapy on memory performance or correlations between monoamine levels and memory test scores were noted.

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“…Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE), a cholinergic marker in the CSF, was reported to increase with age by some authors (Tune et al, 1985;Elble et al, 1987;Atack et al, 1988). The concentration of homovanillic acid (HVA), the main metabolite of dopamine, was found to increase in aged subjects (Gottfries et al, 1971;Bareggi et al, 1982;Palmer et al, 1984;Stahl et al, 1985), but also unaltered levels were reported (Ballenger et al, 1983). No age related changes of the levels of CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), a metabolic of serotonin, and of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyglycol (MHPG), a metabolite of noradrenalin, were shown (Ballenger et al, 1983; into two periods-the light period (spring and summer) and the dark period (autumn and winter), due to the strong seasonal changes in the climate of Scandinavia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotransmitter markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of normal subjects effects of aging and other confounding factors

Hartikainen

Soininen

Reinikainen

et al. 1991

J. Neural Transmission

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We have investigated neurotransmitter-related markers of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a carefully screened series of normally aging subjects in standardized conditions in order to find out the influence of age and other confounding factors on CSF measures. The levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyglycol (MHPG) and the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) also increased with age, while homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5 HIAA) and immunoreactivities of somatostatin (SLI), beta-endorphin (BLI) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were unrelated to age. The gender of subjects had no significant effect on the levels of neurotransmitter markers, while seasonal changes, as well as height and weight of the subjects seemed to cause some variations in the levels of HVA, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and ACTH. The study underscores the importance of standardized conditions and matched patient groups in the CSF studies.

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Monoamine metabolite concentrations in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of patients with histologically verified Alzheimer's dementia.

Cited by 69 publications

References 29 publications

Brain dopamine D-2 receptors in senile dementia

Brain dopamine D-2 receptors in senile dementia

Clinical and biochemical responses to therapy in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia

Neurotransmitter markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of normal subjects effects of aging and other confounding factors

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