Mono- and polyclonal antibodies to the organophosphate fenitrothion.  1.  Approaches to hapten-protein conjugation

McAdam, David P.; Hill, A. V.; Beasley, Helen; Skerritt, John H.

doi:10.1021/jf00020a035

Cited by 93 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Several investigators used haptens having a bridge at the thiophosphate group to develop ELISAs for organophosphorus pesticides. [4][5][6] To synthesize such haptens, they used an aminocarboxylic acid protected at the carboxylic group to attach a bridge to phosphorus atom and then deprotected the bridge later. In our laboratory, a synthetic method for attaching an aminocarboxylic acid bridge to phosphorus without protection was developed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method worked well for the synthesis of three haptens used in this study. The route which Skerrit [4][5][6] used to synthesize such haptens involves seven steps including protection and deprotection at both amino and carboxyl groups of the spacer arm. The route we use instead consists of only two steps with no protection and deprotection, i.e., nucleophilic attack by phenol at the P atom of ROP(=S)Cl 2 to displace Cl, followed by nucleophilic substitution of the remaining Cl by an aminocarboxylic acid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One type of hapten for organophosphorus pesticides is the one with an aminocarboxylic acid bridge at thiophosphate group, which has been used successfully in the development of ELISA for several organophosphorus pesticides. [4][5][6] We have developed a novel method for the synthesis of such haptens, which requires fewer steps than those of the previous ones. In this study, this new method was applied to the synthesis of haptens for cyanophos, from which specific antibodies to cyanophos were obtained.…”

Section: Cyanophos [O-(4-cyanophenyl) Oo-dimethyl Phosphoro-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Organophosphorus Insecticide Cyanophos

Park

Kim

et al. 2002

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the quantitative detection of organophosphorus insecticide cyanophos. An analogue (hapten) of cyanophos was synthesized and was coupled to BSA to produce polyclonal antibodies from rabbits. The antisera were screened against another hapten coupled to ovalbumin (OVA). Using the sera of highest specificity, an antigen-coated ELISA was developed, which showed an I 50 of 310 ng/mL with the detection limit of 20 ng/mL. The antibodies showed negligible cross-reactivities with other organophosphorus pesticides except for parathion-methyl, which makes the assay suitable for the selective detection of cyanophos.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cyanophos [O-(4-cyanophenyl) Oo-dimethyl Phosphoro-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Organophosphorus Insecticide Cyanophos

Park

Kim

et al. 2002

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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“…One type of hapten for OP pesticides is the one with an aminocarboxylic acid bridge at the thiophosphate group, which has been used for the development of ELISA for several OP pesticides. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] We have developed a simple method for the synthesis of such haptens, which requires far fewer steps and can provide a wider range of hapten structures. [4][5][6] We previously applied this method to the synthesis of several OP pesticides including chlorpyrifos, 4 isofenphos, 5 and cyanophos.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Organophosphorus Fungicide Tolclofos-methyl

2003

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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A simple synthetic method for haptens of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides with a spacer arm (aminocarboxylic acid) attached at the pesticide thiophosphate group was developed and was applied to the synthesis of haptens for the OP fungicide tolclofos-methyl. Using the haptens, a selective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for tolclofos-methyl was developed. One of the haptens was coupled to BSA to use as an immunogen. Rabbits were immunized with this conjugate to obtain polyclonal antibodies to tolclofos-methyl. The antisera were screened against another hapten coupled to ovalbumin (OVA). Using the serum with highest specificity, an antigen-coated ELISA was developed, which showed an IC 50 of 160 ng/mL with the detection limit of 20 ng/mL. The antibodies showed negligible cross-reactivity with other OP pesticides. An antibody-coated ELISA was also developed, which showed an IC 50 of 410 ng/mL with a detection limit of 130 ng/mL.

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“…McAdam et al (129,130) desarrollaron un método general para sintetizar este tipo de haptenos, que ha sido aplicado con éxito al desarrollo de ELISAs para varios plaguicidas organofosforados (126,(131)(132)(133)(134). Este método se basa en la unión del brazo espaciador al grupo tiofosfato, e implica varios pasos de protección y desprotección del mismo.…”

Section: Principios Generales De Las Técnicas Inmunoquímicasunclassified

Inmunoensayos rápidos para la determinación de residuos de plaguicidas organofosforados en aceite de oliva

García¹

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Plaguicidas: medio ambiente y seguridad alimentariaLa contaminación del medio ambiente y de los alimentos es un problema general que afecta a todo el mundo. Parte de dicha contaminación es debida a la aplicación de productos fitosanitarios, especialmente plaguicidas, en agricultura, horticultura y silvicultura.Los plaguicidas son sustancias que sirven para combatir los parásitos de los cultivos, del ganado, de los animales domésticos, y del hombre y su ambiente (1).Aunque estas sustancias se conocen desde la antigüedad, fue a partir de la década 1920-1930, y especialmente después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, cuando se extendió su empleo -con la aparición de los plaguicidas orgánicos-, con el fin de aumentar la producción de alimentos.En España, desde mediados de los años noventa el uso de plaguicidas experimentó un incremento que vino a romper el fuerte descenso iniciado a finales de la década de los ochenta. Aunque la aplicación de las reformas de la Política Agraria Común (PAC) de 1992 contribuyó parcialmente a reducir su uso, la implantación de sistemas de intensificación agraria aumentó su consumo, agravando el problema. Así, desde 1995 se está produciendo un incremento del uso de plaguicidas, en estrecha relación con la producción agrícola; como puede apreciarse en la Figura 1, en el año 2004 en España se alcanzó la cifra de 3,35 kg por ha (2). La desigual intensificación de la agricultura en las diferentes comunidades autónomas se refleja también en el uso de plaguicidas (Figura 2), que es mucho mayor en Canarias (125,05 kg/ha), Cantabria (28,14 kg/ha) y en las regiones hortícolas, sobresaliendo la Comunidad Valenciana (26,41 kg/ha), la Región de Murcia (22,15 kg/ha) y La Rioja (21,13 kg/ha), como se muestra en la Tabla 1. Los datos del consumo de plaguicidas que se presentan están referidos a venta de producto, sin especificar la composición de su materia activa.El uso indebido de los productos fitosanitarios (dosis excesivas, aplicación reiterada, utilización de productos no permitidos, incumplimiento de los plazos de seguridad, etc.) y la contaminación cruzada entre cultivos puede dar lugar a que las producciones agrícolas contengan residuos de plaguicidas, que potencialmente pueden llegar al consumidor (3, 4). Debe tenerse en cuenta que todos los plaguicidas, como biocidas que son, presentan cierta toxicidad y, por tanto, sus residuos suponen un riesgo para los consumidores si se superan determinados límites.

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Mono- and polyclonal antibodies to the organophosphate fenitrothion. 1. Approaches to hapten-protein conjugation

Cited by 93 publications

References 25 publications

Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Organophosphorus Insecticide Cyanophos

Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Organophosphorus Insecticide Cyanophos

Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Organophosphorus Fungicide Tolclofos-methyl

Inmunoensayos rápidos para la determinación de residuos de plaguicidas organofosforados en aceite de oliva

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