Monkeys, Apes, and Humans

Huffman, Michael A.; Nakagawa, Naofumi; Go, Yasuhiro; Imai, Hiroo; Tomonaga, Masaki

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-54153-0

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…However, the bark from some plant species may have compounds with medicinal properties. For example, bark from Gongronema latifolium is eaten by Bossou chimpanzees in West Africa, and is also used by local people as a purge for symptoms associated with intestinal parasites [59]. Our results are consistent with predictions that bark consumption is a form of self-medication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sickness behaviour associated with non-lethal infections in wild primates

et al. 2015

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Non-lethal parasite infections are common in wildlife, but there is little information on their clinical consequences. Here, we pair infection data from a ubiquitous soil-transmitted helminth, the whipworm (genus Trichuris), with activity data from a habituated group of wild red colobus monkeys (Procolobus rufomitratus tephrosceles) in Kibale National Park, Uganda. We use mixed-effect models to examine the relationship between non-lethal parasitism and red colobus behaviour. Our results indicate that red colobus increased resting and decreased more energetically costly behaviours when shedding whipworm eggs in faeces. Temporal patterns of behaviour also changed, with individuals switching behaviour less frequently when whipworm-positive. Feeding frequency did not differ, but red colobus consumption of bark and two plant species from the genus Albizia, which are used locally in traditional medicines, significantly increased when animals were shedding whipworm eggs. These results suggest self-medicative plant use, although additional work is needed to verify this conclusion. Our results indicate sickness behaviours, which are considered an adaptive response by hosts during infection. Induction of sickness behaviour in turn suggests that these primates are clinically sensitive to non-lethal parasite infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sickness behaviour associated with non-lethal infections in wild primates

et al. 2015

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“…Additionally, plant and animal parasitic nematodes share many of the traits that contribute to their successful parasitism despite host differences, including their ability to arrest development at key stages of their life cycle; ability to locate and infect their host and ability to manipulate their host interface for nutrient uptake and long-term survival (Maule and Curtis, 2011). The expected effect does not preclude investigating activity against specific animal nematodes, as those cited in the main studies (e.g., Huffman et al, 2013;Villalba et al, 2014).…”

Section: In Vitro Nematicidal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Several studies have reported anti-parasitic effects of plants both in livestock (Russo et al, 2009 and references therein;Villalba et al, 2014) and wild animals (Lefèvre et al, 2012;Huffman et al, 2013). These effects are usually due to secondary metabolites such as terpenes, alkaloids, glycosides and tannins (Githiori et al, 2006), which are typically non-nutritional and frequently have toxic or even poisonous properties (de Roode et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactivity of plants eaten by wild birds against laboratory models of parasites and pathogens

et al. 2022

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Plants are not only used as energy and nutrient resources for herbivores. Plants can be ingested because of their activity against host parasites and other pathogens. This so-called medicinal role of plants is well reported in ethnopharmacology and under-reported in wild animals. More studies on wild animals are needed because any plant in the world contains bioactive compounds, and probably all plants, no matter how toxic they are, experience herbivory. For example, we tested the activity of extracts and essential oils from Papaver rhoeas and Echium plantagineum against a selection of laboratory pathogens because Great bustards Otis tarda preferred these plants during the mating season, with male fecal droppings showing a higher frequency of P. rhoeas particles than the fecal droppings of females. We hypothesized that P. rhoeas could be helpful for males in the mating season if any part of this plant harbors bioactivity against parasites and other pathogens. Males’ immune system is weakened during the mating season because of their investment in secondary sexual characters and sexual display. As a first exploration of the bioactivity of these plants, we evaluated extracts of both plants against a sample of laboratory models, including a flagellated protozoon (Trichomonas gallinae), a nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) and a fungus (Aspergillus niger). Non-polar and polar extracts of the aerial parts of P. rhoeas, especially the extracts of flowers and capsules, and the extracts of leaves and flowers of E. plantagineum showed activity against nematodes and trichomonads. The bioactivity of plants against parasites could explain the foraging behavior of stressed animals. The chemical communication underpinning the capacity of fauna to recognize those plants is far less known.

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“…Recent advances in high-throughput technologies have made it possible, with significantly lower costs, to determine the whole-genome sequences of individuals. This advancement has led to the development of an interdisciplinary field of science called cognitive genomics 2 , 3 , 5 . Cognitive genomics research has the potential to determine the individual variation in cognitive traits in genetic terms, which in turn may not only help to develop animal models of mental disorders, but also promote an understanding of the evolutionary trajectories of gene-cognition associations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive genomics of learning delay and low level of social performance monitoring in macaque

Ninomiya

Noritake

Tatsumoto

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Cognitive skills and the underlying neural architecture are under the influence of genetics. Cognitive genomics research explores the triadic relationship between genes, brain, and cognition, with its major strategy being genotype-driven. Here we show that an inverse strategy is feasible to identify novel candidate genes for particular neuro-cognitive phenotypes in macaques. Two monkeys, originally involved in separate psychological studies, exhibited learning delay and low levels of social performance monitoring. In one monkey, mirror neurons were fewer compared to controls and mu suppression was absent in the frontal cortex. The other monkey showed heightened visual responsiveness in both frontal cortex and dopamine-rich midbrain, with a lack of inter-areal synchronization. Exome analyses revealed that the two monkeys were most likely cousins and shared variants in MAP2, APOC1, and potentially HTR2C. This phenotype-driven strategy in cognitive genomics provides a useful means to clarify the genetic basis of phenotypic variation and develop macaque models of neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Monkeys, Apes, and Humans

Cited by 5 publications

References 88 publications

Sickness behaviour associated with non-lethal infections in wild primates

Sickness behaviour associated with non-lethal infections in wild primates

Bioactivity of plants eaten by wild birds against laboratory models of parasites and pathogens

Cognitive genomics of learning delay and low level of social performance monitoring in macaque

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