Monkeypox Rash Severity and Animal Exposures in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Doshi, Reena H.; Alfonso, Vivian H.; Morier, Douglas; Hoff, Nicole A.; Sinai, Cyrus; Kisalu, Neville K.; Cheng, Alvan; Ashbaugh, Hayley; Gadoth, Adva; Cowell, Brian; Okitolonda, Emile; Muyembe‐Tamfum, Jean‐Jacques; Rimoin, Anne W.

doi:10.1007/s10393-019-01459-7

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Therefore, despite a retrospective analysis of the two CAR cases related to this isolate, we could not conclude as to the potential impact of this alteration on the clinical outcome of the disease. However, patient 18c had more than 180 lesions, which corresponds to a severe clinical outcome 46 . Unfortunately, this rash severity score cannot be compared with the other cases, either in patient 15c or in the nine other patients in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic history of human monkey pox infections in the Central African Republic between 2001 and 2018

Berthet

Descorps-Declère

Besombes

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

111

108

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Monkeypox is an emerging infectious disease, which has a clinical presentation similar to smallpox. In the two past decades, Central Africa has seen an increase in the frequency of cases, with many monkeypox virus (MPXV) isolates detected in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the Central African Republic (CAR). To date, no complete MPXV viral genome has been published from the human cases identified in the CAR. The objective of this study was to sequence the full genome of 10 MPXV isolates collected during the CAR epidemics between 2001 and 2018 in order to determine their phylogenetic relationships among MPXV lineages previously described in Central Africa and West Africa. Our phylogenetic results indicate that the 10 CAR isolates belong to three lineages closely related to those found in DRC. The phylogenetic pattern shows that all of them emerged in the rainforest block of the Congo Basin. Since most human index cases in CAR occurred at the northern edge of western and eastern rainforests, transmissions from wild animals living in the rainforest is the most probable hypothesis. In addition, molecular dating estimates suggest that periods of intense political instability resulting in population movements within the country often associated also with increased poverty may have led to more frequent contact with host wild animals. The CAR socio-economic situation, armed conflicts and ecological disturbances will likely incite populations to interact more and more with wild animals and thus increase the risk of zoonotic spillover.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic history of human monkey pox infections in the Central African Republic between 2001 and 2018

Berthet

Descorps-Declère

Besombes

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

111

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The brief literature review revealed that approximately one‐third of the articles were from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) [9–35]. This was followed by the Central African Republic [28, 36–39], United States of America [3, 40–43], Republic of Congo [44–47], Nigeria [25, 48–51], Sierra Leone [52], Gabon [53], Cameroon [9, 54], United Kingdom [55–57], Israel [26], Singapore [58, 59], Liberia [60], and Sudan [61].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The re‐emerging monkeypox disease

Kipkorir

Dhali

Srichawla

et al. 2022

Tropical Med Int Health

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Background On 7th May 2022, human monkeypox was identified in the United Kingdom, a non‐endemic zone, with subsequent multi‐country outbreaks. About 6 weeks later, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control reported 1158 confirmed cases in non‐endemic countries scattered within the European Economic Area (EEA), and a total of 1882 cases confirmed worldwide, inclusive of the EEA. These numbers are expected to increase with high alert and amplified surveillance established in non‐endemic regions. In light of a looming epidemic, current understanding of the virus, and identification of gaps in the literature remain critical hence warranting a scoping review of available literature. Methods Literature searches were performed through PubMed, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect and Hinari to identify studies eligible for inclusion in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Results Seventy‐seven articles were included in the review. Majority of the cases were from the Central African clade (n = 29,905) versus the West African clade (n = 252). 6/16 articles that reported vaccination status stated that none of the cases were vaccinated. In the remaining articles, approximately 80%–96% cases were unvaccinated. It was noted that 4%–21% of the vaccinated individuals got infected. The secondary attack rate ranged from 0% to 10.2%, while the calculated pooled estimated case fatality rate was 8.7%. Conclusion This scoping review provides an extensive look at our current understanding on monkeypox disease. Further studies are needed to better understand its risk factors, genetics and natural history, in order for public health strategists to generate prevention strategies and management decisions.

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“…Monkeypox virus is an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family. This virus was first reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the 1970s [4,5] . Were identify two distinct clades: the central African (Congo Basin) clade and the West African clade [1] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…These animals also develop the characteristic "pocks". Asymptomatic infections also can occur [5,9] . At postmortem exam, some of the lesions observed in infected animals are skin papules, umbilicated pustules ("pocks") with central necrosis, or crusts over healing lesions.…”

Section: Clinical Signs Postmortem and Mortality In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2022

Int. J. Fauna Biol. Stud.

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The world is still facing the first pandemic of the century, SARS-CoV-2, and another virus that appears to have been spreading silently the Monkeypox, and has the potential to become public health. Although is not very yet a serious problem, due to their zoonotic potential veterinarians should be informed regarding this disease not only to identify the symptoms in animals but also to clarify the owners regarding the care that they should have with their pets.

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Monkeypox Rash Severity and Animal Exposures in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Genomic history of human monkey pox infections in the Central African Republic between 2001 and 2018

Genomic history of human monkey pox infections in the Central African Republic between 2001 and 2018

The re‐emerging monkeypox disease

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