Monkeypox present with genital ulcers-challenging clinical problem

Bociąga‐Jasik, Monika; Raczyńska, Aleksandra; Lara, Martyna; Kalinowska-Nowak, Anna; Garlicki, Aleksander

doi:10.20452/pamw.16304

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…122 And genital rashes were observed in many cases, which was also recently proven in another studies. [264][265][266][267][268][269][270] Other recent reports describe similar clinical characteristics. 180,271,272 Patel and colleagues 272 demonstrated that all 197 monkeypox infection cases developed mucocutaneous lesions, typically in the genitals (111 of 197 patients) or the perianal areas, causing rectal pain and penile edema.…”

Section: Clinical Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 61%

Monkeypox: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention

Huang

Wang

2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

141

120

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Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease that was once endemic in west and central Africa caused by monkeypox virus. However, cases recently have been confirmed in many nonendemic countries outside of Africa. WHO declared the ongoing monkeypox outbreak to be a public health emergency of international concern on July 23, 2022, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The rapidly increasing number of confirmed cases could pose a threat to the international community. Here, we review the epidemiology of monkeypox, monkeypox virus reservoirs, novel transmission patterns, mutations and mechanisms of viral infection, clinical characteristics, laboratory diagnosis and treatment measures. In addition, strategies for the prevention, such as vaccination of smallpox vaccine, is also included. Current epidemiological data indicate that high frequency of human-to-human transmission could lead to further outbreaks, especially among men who have sex with men. The development of antiviral drugs and vaccines against monkeypox virus is urgently needed, despite some therapeutic effects of currently used drugs in the clinic. We provide useful information to improve the understanding of monkeypox virus and give guidance for the government and relative agency to prevent and control the further spread of monkeypox virus.

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Section: Clinical Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 61%

Monkeypox: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention

Huang

Wang

2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

141

120

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“…Among the 46 included articles, 32–77 4 articles 32,33,38,43 reported cases with onset in late 2019 and 2021 and the rest reported cases with onset in 2022. We thought to include the cases from late 2019 and 2021 as they closely resembled the newer cases, and seem to be the predecessors of the current outbreak in terms of their time of onset, so their data would be useful for further patient identification.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and clinical atlas on mucocutaneous presentations of the current monkeypox outbreak: With a comprehensive approach to all dermatologic and nondermatologic aspects of the new and previous monkeypox outbreaks

Pourriyahi

Aryanian

Afshar

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease, endemic in central and west African regions, and has re-emerged, currently causing an outbreak as of May 2022. In this systematic review, we aimed to characterize the current face of the disease, with a detailed categorization of mucocutaneous, as well as systemic symptoms of the disease. We searched four main online databases with the keywords "monkeypox" and "Orthopoxvirus". A total of 46 articles were included, with a cumulative number of 1984 confirmed cases. Patients were predominantly men who have sex with men, who were mostly in their 30s, with a history of unprotected sexual contact or international travel. Among mucocutaneous manifestations, anogenital lesions were the most commonly observed, followed by lesions on the limbs, face, trunk, and palms or soles. Among lesion types, vesiculopustular, pustular or pseudo-pustular, vesicular-umbilicated and papular lesions were the most common, mainly presenting asynchronously, with less than 10 lesions on each patient. Almost all patients also reported systemic manifestations, namely fever, lymphadenopathy, fatigue, myalgia, headaches, pharyngitis, and proctitis. Sexual contact is the main pathway of transmission in the current outbreak, with viral shedding in bodily fluids playing a key role. We've compared these idiosyncratic findings of the new outbreak with previous outbreaks. We've also gathered and categorized images from our included studies to make a "clinical atlas" for this "new" face of monkeypox, which can be of utmost importance for clinicians to be familiarized with, and have a clear picture of monkeypox for their differential diagnoses.

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“…The patient was reluctant to provide the details of the casual sexual contact for contact tracing even though the State Public Health Law Cap 106 laws of Rivers State 1999, require the mandatory disclosure of all necessary health information to the health care provider that would be useful for the containment of infectious diseases. However, enforcement and prosecution are quite difficult in the circumstance when patients are ill [23]; yet the right to care, confidentiality, consent and social acceptability are complex factors that influence disease patterns [24]. In the future, it beckons for other legal alternatives beyond counseling to ensure complete disclosure of information relevant to disease containment once public health safety is contextually considered supreme.…”

Section: Discussion On Mpox Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox Disease with Predominant Genital Symptoms: A Nigerian Case Report

Owhonda¹,

Wali

Nwadiuto³

et al. 2023

ACRI

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Mpox presents typically with macular papular body rashes with similar-looking sores in genital or oral areas. It may be missed, or wrongly managed as sexually transmitted infections (STI), especially in settings where symptom-based treatment practices are sufficient for care. We describe a 40-year-old cisgender male, heterosexual Nigerian who developed some rash in the genital region associated with penile swelling. It was suspected to be syphilis and managed with presumptive antibiotics. Laboratory investigation (PCR) confirmed that it was a Mpox disease, and VDRLT was negative. Notably, in this case, the early symptoms were a paradigm case of Mpox disease presenting as an STI, which syndromically conformed more to an STI than the case definition for a suspected case of Mpox in our setting. Consequently, the expected early containment activities were delayed. This increased the potential of further disease spread. An Update of the standard case definition as well as a reclassification of the disease as a possible STI is recommended for enhanced surveillance, increased case detection, and reduction in the burden of unrecognized cases.

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Monkeypox present with genital ulcers-challenging clinical problem

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Monkeypox: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention

Monkeypox: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention

A systematic review and clinical atlas on mucocutaneous presentations of the current monkeypox outbreak: With a comprehensive approach to all dermatologic and nondermatologic aspects of the new and previous monkeypox outbreaks

Monkeypox Disease with Predominant Genital Symptoms: A Nigerian Case Report

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