Monkeypox and cancer: a pan-cancer based multi-omics analysis and single cell sequencing analysis

Abstract

Background: Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus, and most infections cause systemic disease. Tumor patients are susceptible to various viruses, but there are few reports on the effects of genes related to monkeypox virus infection on the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, we need to further explore the expression of genes associated with monkeypox infection in tumor patients and the potential immune mechanisms in order to improve the survival and prognosis of tumor patients. Methods: The gene expression, genetic variation, mRNA sequencing samples, clinical and methylation datas were from 33 cancer types of TCGG database. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to analyze the activation of monkeypox related genes in the tumor microenvironment. Then, Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used in our research. The relationship between monkeypox and gene expression, clinical features, immune microenvironment, TMB and MSI was comprehensively evaluated. Results: In this study, monkeypox-related genes were found to be closely associated with most tumorigenesis as well as drug sensitivity. Additionally, cellular enrichment pathways suggest that monkeypox is closely associated with invasion, cell cycle, DNA damage and repair. The prognostic value on monkeypox-related genes was evaluated, and it was found that monkeypox is a risk factor. Moreover,monkeypox-related genes are positively associated with immune cells as well as immune checkpoints in most tumors. Analysis of scRNA-seq indicates that monkeypox differs significantly among cells of the tumor microenvironment. Conclusion: The current study explored the monkeypox-related genes in pan-cancer for the first time and provides new insights. We found that monkeypox-related genes are closely associated with the formation of immune microenvironments and immunotherapeutic efficacy of most tumor, which provides new ideas for the prevention and treatment of monkeypox and tumors.

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“…Mpox infection was linked with abnormal Mpox-related genes (MpoxRGs) expression, which significantly correlated with tumor immunology and the drug response pathway when activated [ 56 ]. This MpoxRGs was found to be expressed differently in varieties of tumor cells and was also used as prognostic markers in tumors [ 57 ].…”

“…Mpox might be capable of influencing carcinogenesis, according to a survival analysis that revealed that a high MpoxRG score was often strongly related to a bad tumor prognosis [ 57 ]. Similarly, a genetic study showed that MpoxRG copy quantity and single nucleotide variants were related to tumor longevity [ 56 ]. MpoxRG alterations were significantly correlated with survival, indicating that tumor prognostic may be impacted by polymorphisms [ 57 ].…”