Monkeypox

Isaacs, David

doi:10.1111/jpc.16121

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…An editorial published in August 2022 focuses on the language to be chosen when talking about monkeypox. The nomenclature “monkeypox”, is currently being revised by the WHO which recognizes the risk of hidden discrimination [ 78 , 79 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox Infection 2022: An Updated Narrative Review Focusing on the Neonatal and Pediatric Population

Gaeta

Franci

et al. 2022

Children

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Monkeypox disease has been endemic in sub-Saharan Africa for decades, attracting remarkable attention only i23n 2022 through the occurrence of a multi-country outbreak. The latter has raised serious public health concerns and is considered a public health emergency by the World Health Organization. Although the disease is usually self-limiting, it can cause severe illness in individuals with compromised immune systems, in children, and/or the pregnant woman–fetus dyad. Patients generally present with fever, lymphadenopathy, and a vesicular rash suggestive of mild smallpox. Serious eye, lung and brain complications, and sepsis can occur. However, cases with subtler clinical presentations have been reported in the recent outbreak. A supportive care system is usually sufficient; otherwise, treatment options are needed in patients who are immunocompromised or with comorbidities. A replication-deficient modified and a live infectious vaccinia virus vaccine can be used both before and after exposure. Due to the persistent spread of monkeypox, it is necessary to focus on the pediatric population, pregnant women, and newborns, who represent fragile contagion groups. Here we assess and summarize the available up-to-date information, focusing on available therapeutic options, with insights into social and school management, breastfeeding, and prevention that will be useful for the scientific community and in particular neonatal and pediatric health professionals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox Infection 2022: An Updated Narrative Review Focusing on the Neonatal and Pediatric Population

Gaeta

Franci

et al. 2022

Children

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“…Data on confirmed cases have been compiled on the GitHub website using public domain sources, but clinical details have only been published in‐depth for cases in high‐income countries 48 . A colonial undertone remains in much of the global discourse on monkeypox, 49 and the push by the WHO to rename the virus and its clades are necessary steps in reducing the stigma and discrimination associated with the disease 50 …”

Section: Stigma Discrimination and Inequitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox: A clinical update for paediatricians

Huang

Howard‐Jones

Durrani

et al. 2022

J Paediatrics Child Health

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The global spread of human monkeypox disease, a zoonotic infection related to smallpox and endemic to West and Central Africa, presents serious challenges for health systems. As of July 2022, 14 533 cases have been reported world‐wide, leading to designation as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Monkeypox disease is spread from animals to humans through infected lesions or fluids; human–human transmission occurs through fomites, droplets or direct contact. Illness is usually self‐limiting, but severe disease can occur in specific groups ‐ particularly children, and people who are immunocompromised or pregnant. Clinical presentation may include fever, lymphadenopathy and skin rash, but the rash may occur without other symptoms. Complications can include secondary bacterial infection of skin lesions, vision loss from corneal involvement, pneumonia, sepsis and encephalitis. Diagnosis of monkeypox requires consideration of epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings, with sensitive history‐taking, to elicit close contacts, critical. Supportive management is usually sufficient, but treatment options (where required) include antivirals and vaccinia immune globulin. A paucity of safety data for relevant antivirals may limit their use. There are two types of monkeypox vaccines: a replication‐competent vaccinia vaccine, the use of which is logistically and clinically complex, and a replication‐deficient modified vaccinia Ankara virus vaccine. Preparedness of health systems for addressing the current outbreak is constrained by historic underfunding for research, and compounded by stigma and discrimination against cases and affected communities. Key challenges in halting transmission include improving vaccine equity and countering discrimination against men who have sex with men to aid diagnosis and treatment.

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“…Monkeypox can be diagnosed using the clinical signs, but to distinguish this illness from those caused by other potential etiologies, laboratory confirmation is required [ 21 ]. Genetic, morphological, and immunological procedures are among the techniques utilized to confirm monkeypox in specimen analysis [ 1 ].…”

Section: Reviewunclassified

“…In any hospitalized patient with a broad vesicular rash of uncertain cause in whom monkeypox and smallpox are included in the differential diagnosis, standard, contact, droplet, and airborne precautions should be undertaken. Close contacts should also be kept an eye on [ 21 ]. In the hospital, patients should be segregated in rooms with negative pressure and the medical personnel should take proper contact and droplet precautions [ 35 ].…”

Section: Reviewunclassified

A Review of the Recent Monkeypox Outbreak in 2022

Al-Gburi¹,

Namuq²

2022

Cureus

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The coincidence of the monkeypox outbreak with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic raises a global concern about a potential new pandemic and the possible consequences. As the World Health Organization declared the international monkeypox outbreak a global emergency, there is apprehension about the complications and mortality of monkeypox infection.The monkeypox virus is a zoonosis: a disease that is transmitted from animals to humans. It is an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus. Human-to-human transmission occurs with close contact with respiratory secretions, sores on an infected person's skin, or contaminated items like clothing.Monkeypox is endemic in regions of Africa, however, because of smallpox eradication and a decrease in vaccination efforts, this led to an outbreak in the United States of America in 2003 and a new world outbreak in 2022.Most patients experience prodromal sickness with fever, malaise, and enlarged lymph nodes before developing a rash. In addition to skin lesions, individuals may also experience secondary skin and/or soft tissue infection, pneumonitis, ocular problems, and encephalitis. There is an increased risk of infection among men who have sex with men and human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) patients. The polymerase chain reaction is the gold standard for diagnosis. Management is usually supportive but some cases may require tecovirimat. This is a comprehensive review of monkeypox virus epidemiology, clinical features, and the most up-to-date, effective management and prevention.

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Monkeypox

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Monkeypox Infection 2022: An Updated Narrative Review Focusing on the Neonatal and Pediatric Population

Monkeypox Infection 2022: An Updated Narrative Review Focusing on the Neonatal and Pediatric Population

Monkeypox: A clinical update for paediatricians

A Review of the Recent Monkeypox Outbreak in 2022

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