Monitoring the Water Quality of the Tigris River and Producing Maps to Determine the Locations of Turbidity in the Water for the Year 2022 in Baghdad Governorate

Abstract

Interest has recently increased in the sustainable development of the natural resources of the land cover, including the water resources stored in natural catchments such as lakes and marshes and flowing from the sources to the rivers, and in increasing human activities from cultivating and fertilizing the land, to establishing factories and throwing industrial waste into rivers to throwing bore water in addition to Clay silt as a result of weathering and erosion of the soil. The purpose of the study is to monitor and determine the quality of the Tigris River water from turbidity, industrial waste and the rest of the materials that pollute the Tigris River. The section of the Tigris River passing through the city of Baghdad was selected as a sample for the study, and the data were used. Remote sensing techniques in the investigation of the polluted area in the Tigris River in Baghdad. The Landsat 8 (OLI) image of Baghdad was used as the best sensor to measure the spectral reflectivity of land features, including water, with a spatial resolution of 30 m on October 18, 2020. The Arc GIS v10.8 application software package was used to process the image data and measure the normalized turbidity index using the green band (3) and the red band (4). Turbidity was calculated using Normalized Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI), and then classified based on the high and low values of (NDTI). The results indicated that three categories of water quality succeeded in assessing and mapping the turbidity of the water that pollutes the Tigris River. The study is worthwhile. I can be deal with the rest of the pollutants using remote sensing data as the best technology and results at the fastest costs.