Monitoring the transport of biomass burning emission in South America

Pereira, Gabriel; Shimabukuro, Yosio Edemir; Moraes, Elisabete Caria; Freitas, Saulo R.; Cardozo, Francielle S.; Longo, Karla M.

doi:10.5094/apr.2011.031

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Meteosat carries the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI), whose data can be used to detect actively burning fires and to estimate their Fire Radiative Power (FRP). FRP has been shown in laboratory and field experiments to be proportional to rates of fuel consumption and smoke production Freeborn et al, 2008;Kremens et al, 2012;Pereira et al, 2011). Since the first MSG launch in 2002, SEVIRI has observed Europe, Africa, and parts of South America every 15 min, and provided the first geostationary EO data to be used to estimate FRP from landscape fires Roberts and Wooster, 2008;Roberts et al, 2009a, b).…”

Section: Meteosat Second Generation and Biomass Burning Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LSA SAF Meteosat FRP products – Part 1: Algorithms, product contents, and analysis

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Characterizing changes in landscape fire activity at better than hourly temporal resolution is achievable using thermal observations of actively burning fires made from geostationary Earth Observation (EO) satellites. Over the last decade or more, a series of research and/or operational "active fire" products have been developed from geostationary EO data, often with the aim of supporting biomass burning fuel consumption and trace gas and aerosol emission calculations. Such Fire Radiative Power (FRP) products are generated operationally from Meteosat by the Land Surface Analysis Satellite Applications Facility (LSA SAF) and are available freely every 15 min in both near-real-time and archived form. These products map the location of actively burning fires and characterize their rates of thermal radiative energy release (FRP), which is believed proportional to rates of biomass consumption and smoke emission. The FRP-PIXEL product contains the full spatio-temporal resolution FRP data set derivable from the SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager) imager onboard Meteosat at a 3 km spatial sampling distance (decreasing away from the west African sub-satellite point), whilst the FRP-GRID product is an hourly summary at 5 • grid resolution that includes simple bias adjustments for meteorological cloud cover and regional underestimation of FRP caused primarily by underdetection of low FRP fires. Here we describe the enhanced geostationary Fire Thermal Anomaly (FTA) detection algorithm used to deliver these products and detail the methods used to generate the atmospherically corrected FRP and perpixel uncertainty metrics. Using SEVIRI scene simulations and real SEVIRI data, including from a period of Meteosat-8 "special operations", we describe certain sensor and data preprocessing characteristics that influence SEVIRI's active fire detection and FRP measurement capability, and use these to specify parameters in the FTA algorithm and to make recommendations for the forthcoming Meteosat Third Generation operations in relation to active fire measures. We show that the current SEVIRI FTA algorithm is able to discriminate actively burning fires covering down to 10 −4 of a pixel and that it appears more sensitive to fire than other algorithms used to generate many widely exploited active fire products. Finally, we briefly illustrate the information contained within the current Meteosat FRP-PIXEL and FRP-GRID products, providing example analyses for both individual fires and multi-year regional-scale fire activity; the companion paper (Roberts et al., 2015) provides a full product performance evaluation and a demonstration of product use within components of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS).

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Section: Meteosat Second Generation and Biomass Burning Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LSA SAF Meteosat FRP products – Part 1: Algorithms, product contents, and analysis

et al. 2015

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“…Ramanathan and Carmichael, 2008;Xu et al, 2009;Menon et al, 2010;Kaspari et al, 2011;Qiu, 2013;Ginot et al, 2014). Biomass burning in the Amazon basin, upwind of the tropical Andes, is likely a major source of black carbon deposition in the Andes (Pereira et al, 2011), but emission statistics and inventories over the region, as well as adequate emission, transport and deposition models are largely lacking (Molina et al, 2015). Developing such models is particularly challenging in this region, given the paucity of observational data and the complex topography leading to highly uncertain transport and mixing processes (Molina et al, 2015).…”

Section: Role Of Aerosols (Black Carbon) and Albedo Feedbackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid decline of snow and ice in the tropical Andes – Impacts, uncertainties and challenges ahead

Vuille

Carey

Huggel

et al. 2018

Earth-Science Reviews

251

213

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Glaciers in the tropical Andes have been retreating for the past several decades, leading to a temporary increase in dry season water supply downstream. Projected future glacier shrinkage, however, will lead to a long-term reduction in dry season river discharge from glacierized catchments. This glacier retreat is closely related to the observed increase in high-elevation, surface air temperature in the region. Future projections using a simple freezing level height-equilibrium-line altitude scaling approach suggest that glaciers in the inner tropics, such as Antizana in Ecuador, may be most vulnerable to future warming while glaciers in the more arid outer tropics, such as Zongo in Bolivia, may persist, albeit in a smaller size, throughout the 21st century regardless of emission scenario. Nonetheless many uncertainties persist, most notably problems with accurate snowfall measurements in the glacier accumulation zone, uncertainties in establishing accurate thickness measurements on glaciers, unknown future changes associated with local-scale circulation and cloud cover affecting glacier energy balance, the role of aerosols and in particular black carbon deposition on Andean glaciers, and the role of groundwater and aquifers interacting with glacier meltwater.The reduction in water supply for export-oriented agriculture, mining, hydropower production and human consumption are the most commonly discussed concerns associated with glacier retreat, but many other aspects including glacial hazards, tourism and recreation, and ecosystem integrity are also affected by glacier retreat. Social and political problems surrounding water allocation for subsistence farming have led to conflicts due to lack of adequate water governance. Local water management practices in many regions reflect cultural belief systems, perceptions and spiritual values and glacier retreat in some places is seen as a threat to these local livelihoods.Comprehensive adaptation strategies, if they are to be successful, therefore need to consider science, policy, culture and practice, and involve local populations. Planning needs to be based not only on future scenarios derived from physically-based numerical models, but must also consider societal needs, economic agendas, political conflicts, socioeconomic inequality and cultural values. This review elaborates on the need for adaptation as well as the challenges and constraints many adaptation projects are faced with, and lays out future directions where opportunities exist to develop successful, culturally acceptable and sustainable adaptation strategies.

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“…Information on the fuel consumption totals required to build wildfire emissions inventories have already been developed using FRP data derived from polar-orbiter Ellicott et al, 2009;Kaiser et al, 2012) and geostationary satellite EO data (Pereira et al, 2011;Roberts et al, 2011). A limitation associated with the former is their intermittent observation of the diurnal fire cycle, which needs to be characterised in order to estimate daily Fire Radiative Energy (FRE; the temporal integration of FRP).…”

Section: Wildfire Emissions Data Sets From Frp Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LSA SAF Meteosat FRP products – Part 2: Evaluation and demonstration for use in the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)

Roberts

Wooster

et al. 2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Characterising the dynamics of landscape-scale wildfires at very high temporal resolutions is best achieved using observations from Earth Observation (EO) sensors mounted onboard geostationary satellites. As a result, a number of operational active fire products have been developed from the data of such sensors. An example of which are the Fire Radiative Power (FRP) products, the FRP-PIXEL and FRP-GRID products, generated by the Land Surface Analysis Satellite Applications Facility (LSA SAF) from imagery collected by the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) onboard the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) series of geostationary EO satellites. The processing chain developed to deliver these FRP products detects SEVIRI pixels containing actively burning fires and characterises their FRP output across four geographic regions covering Europe, part of South America and Northern and Southern Africa. The FRP-PIXEL product contains the highest spatial and temporal resolution FRP data set, whilst the FRP-GRID product contains a spatio-temporal summary that includes bias adjustments for cloud cover and the nondetection of low FRP fire pixels. Here we evaluate these two products against active fire data collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and compare the results to those for three alternative active fire products derived from SEVIRI imagery. The FRP-PIXEL product is shown to detect a substantially greater number of active fire pixels than do alternative SEVIRI-based products, and comparison to MODIS on a per-fire basis indicates a strong agreement and low bias in terms of FRP values. However, low FRP fire pixels remain undetected by SEVIRI, with errors of active fire pixel detection commission and omission compared to MODIS ranging between 9-13 % and 65-77 % respectively in Africa. Higher errors of omission result in greater underestimation of regional FRP totals relative to those derived from simultaneously collected MODIS data, ranging from 35 % over the Northern Africa region to 89 % over the European region. High errors of active fire omission and FRP underestimation are found over Europe and South America and result from SEVIRI's larger pixel area over these regions. An advantage of using FRP for characterising wildfire emissions is the ability to do so very frequently and in near-real time (NRT). To illustrate the potential of this approach, wildfire fuel consumption rates derived from the SEVIRI FRP-PIXEL product are used to characterise smoke emissions of the 2007 "mega-fire" event focused on Peloponnese (Greece) and used within the European Centre for the temporal and spatial dynamics of the plume very well, and that high temporal resolution emissions estimates such as those available from a geostationary orbit are important for capturing the sub-daily variability in smoke plume parameters such as aerosol optical depth (AOD), which are increasingly less well resolved using daily or coarser temporal resolution emissions data sets. Quantitative comparison o...

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Monitoring the transport of biomass burning emission in South America

Cited by 28 publications

References 42 publications

LSA SAF Meteosat FRP products – Part 1: Algorithms, product contents, and analysis

LSA SAF Meteosat FRP products – Part 1: Algorithms, product contents, and analysis

Rapid decline of snow and ice in the tropical Andes – Impacts, uncertainties and challenges ahead

LSA SAF Meteosat FRP products – Part 2: Evaluation and demonstration for use in the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)

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