Monitoring the Swelling Behavior of PEDOT:PSS Electrodes under High Humidity Conditions

Bießmann, Lorenz; Kreuzer, Lucas P.; Widmann, Tobias; Hohn, Nuri; Moulin, Jean‐François; Müller‐Buschbaum, Peter

doi:10.1021/acsami.8b00446

Cited by 95 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Due to the hydrophilic nature of PSS, the resistance of PEDOT:PSS film is susceptible to environmental humidity. The absorption of water molecules may swell PSS shells, leading to the larger distances between adjacent PEDOT enriched cores, thus increasing the resistance of film 23,24,36 . On the contrary, the humidity desorption would cause the decrease in resistance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Printed PEDOT:PSS-based Temperature Sensor with High Humidity Stability for Wireless Healthcare Monitoring

Wang

Sekine

Takeda

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

209

183

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, takeo Shiba, takao nishikawa & Shizuo tokito * facile fabrication and high ambient stability are strongly desired for the practical application of temperautre sensor in real-time wearable healthcare. Herein, a fully printed flexible temperature sensor based on cross-linked poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) was developed. By introducing the crosslinker of (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GOPS) and the fluorinated polymer passivation (CYTOP), significant enhancements in humidity stability and temperature sensitivity of PEDOT:PSS based film were achieved. The prepared sensor exhibited excellent stability in environmental humidity ranged from 30% RH to 80% RH, and high sensitivity of −0.77% °C −1 for temperature sensing between 25 °C and 50 °C. Moreover, a wireless temperature sensing platform was obtained by integrating the printed sensor to a printed flexible hybrid circuit, which performed a stable real-time healthcare monitoring. Body temperature is an essential vital parameter reflecting the physiological activities. Monitoring of body temperature provides insight into human health conditions, such as cardiovascular condition, wound healing, pulmonological diagnostics, and syndromes prediction 1-4. Therefore, the flexible temperature sensor is highly desired to realize personal healthcare devices, which enable real-time monitoring of an individual's health state 5,6. Many efforts have been made to develop flexible temperature sensors, which mainly contain three types: pyroelectric detectors 7,8 , resistive temperature detectors (RTDs) 9,10 , and thermistors 11. Among them, the thermistor which relies on the thermo-resistive effect of sensing material is widely used, due to its simple device structure, fast response, and wide sensing range 12,13. Various thermistor materials have been developed and investigated, including composites of conductive filler with polymer, and temperature sensing conductive materials such as silver nanowire (AgNW) 14,15 , carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 16 , reduced graphene oxide (rGO) 17,18 , and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) 19,20. However, most of these studies focused on improving the sensitivity and mechanical performance of temperature sensors, while their ambient stability, especially humidity stability, has rarely been considered. Additionally, the development of wearable temperature sensors via simple fabrication still a big challenge. Since the use of wearable devices inevitably exposed to ambient humidity, it is of great interest to develop a facile fabricated humidity-resistant temperature sensor. In contrast to its counterparts, PEDOT:PSS has been proven as a promising candidate for the wearable temperature sensor, not only owing to its outstanding mechanical properties and turntable electrical characteristics, but also the superior in simple, patternable, and high reproducible fabrication, such as printing 21,22. However, as a water-soluble polymer, the resistance of PEDOT:PSS also be easily affecte...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Printed PEDOT:PSS-based Temperature Sensor with High Humidity Stability for Wireless Healthcare Monitoring

Wang

Sekine

Takeda

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

209

183

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“…On the other hand, high amounts of excess PSS diminish interdomain charge carrier transport when fabricated as thin film, since the conducting PEDOT‐rich domains are usually embedded into an electrically insulating excess PSS matrix . In addition, the high amount of hygroscopic PSS is known to have a negative influence on the conductivity of the polymer electrode . Therefore, intense research has been done to develop treatments for enhancing the electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Conducting, Transparent PEDOT:PSS Polymer Electrodes from Post‐Treatment with Weak and Strong Acids

Bießmann

Saxena

Hohn

et al. 2019

Adv Elect Materials

Self Cite

101

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The origin of high conductivity in polymer electrodes based on poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is investigated and the resilience against water exposure is tested. Post‐treatment with weak and strong acids, namely, hydrochloric acid (HCl), formic acid (HCOOH), nitric acid (HNO3), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4), is performed and compared to the commonly used ethylene glycol treatment. PEDOT:PSS electrodes with electrical conductivities of up to ≈3000 S cm−1 and high transmittance are obtained. The underlying mechanisms for enhanced conductivity are elucidated by means of electrical (4‐point probe), optical (UV‐Vis spectroscopy), compositional (X‐ray photo‐electron spectroscopy), and structural (grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, GIWAXS) characterizations. Selective PSS removal and structural rearrangement of PEDOT‐rich domains due to an enhanced lamellar stacking is identified as major influence on the improvement in electrical conductivity. This beneficial high order is evidenced via additional signals in the GIWAXS patterns, which are altered by subsequent H2O treatment. The PSS removal and structural rearrangement is linked to the acids' strength and dielectric constant. High conductivities are reached by efficient PSS removal via HNO3 or H2SO4 treatment with the drawback of high sensitivity against H2O. By contrast, HCl and HCOOH treatment obtaining a medium enhanced conductivity differ in the amount of PSS removal but show higher H2O resistance.

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“…In contrast, Bießmann and co-workers [50] study humidity-induced changes of PEDOT:PSS electrodes by NR under high humidity conditions. The authors observe significant decrease in film swelling and water uptake when Zonyl is used as an additive (as compared to the pristine PEDOT:PSS film).…”

Section: Recent Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Recent developments in the application of X-ray and neutron reflectivity to soft-matter systems

Skoda

2019

Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science

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Many interesting physical, chemical and biological phenomena occur at interfaces between nanometre scale layers of soft condensed matter. Theses often complex systems lend themselves to study by X-ray (XRR) and neutron reflectivity (NR). The application of these techniques to such systems is extremely wide spread and provides unique insights into their structure and dynamics. This review presents a snapshot of recent activity in this research area and identifies trends in the application of XRR and NR to novel, unusual or highly complex sample systems. Although the majority of research using these techniques is investigating variations on 'traditional' systems, supported by progress in instrumentation, advance sample environment and computational tools, NR and XRR have begun to produce singular insights in areas such as atmospheric science, real biological systems (cells and bacteria), oil-water interfaces or industrial problems (rheology, packaging or durability of nano-materials).

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Monitoring the Swelling Behavior of PEDOT:PSS Electrodes under High Humidity Conditions

Cited by 95 publications

References 50 publications

Fully Printed PEDOT:PSS-based Temperature Sensor with High Humidity Stability for Wireless Healthcare Monitoring

Fully Printed PEDOT:PSS-based Temperature Sensor with High Humidity Stability for Wireless Healthcare Monitoring

Highly Conducting, Transparent PEDOT:PSS Polymer Electrodes from Post‐Treatment with Weak and Strong Acids

Recent developments in the application of X-ray and neutron reflectivity to soft-matter systems

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