Monitoring the Soil Freeze-Thaw Process Using Piezoceramic-Based Smart Aggregate

Kong, Qingzhao; Wang, Ruolin; Yang, Zhaohui; Still, Benjamin

doi:10.1061/(asce)cr.1943-5495.0000066

Cited by 81 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For many years, investigators have conducted a great deal of research on the effects of snow cover (Iwata et al, 2010; Ling and Zhang, 2003; Osokin et al, 2000; Qiang et al, 2018; Zhang, 2005; Zhou et al, 2013), meteorological factors (Frauenfeld and Zhang, 2011; Guo and Wang, 2014; Hirota et al, 2006; Jafarov et al, 2013; Wang et al, 2015, 2016), topography (Ling et al, 2012; Gao et al, 2016; Lin et al, 2010; Yi et al, 2014), and pore size (De Kock et al, 2015; Starkloff et al, 2017; Watanabe and Kugisaki, 2017) on the soil freezing and thawing process during the seasonal freeze–thaw period. The soil freezing and thawing process has been studied by monitoring methods (Kimball et al, 2004; Kong et al, 2014; Naeimi et al, 2012; Sun et al, 2012; Wu et al, 2016b) and numerical models (Gens et al, 2009; Kojima et al, 2013; Mironov and Karavaysky, 2015; Semenova et al, 2014). Rasmussen et al (2018) calibrated CoupModel to simulate permafrost temperature at two sites with different snow depths on the delta in the Zackenberg Valley, northeastern Greenland.…”

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confidence: 99%

Simulation of Soil Freezing and Thawing for Different Groundwater Table Depths

Chen

Gao

Zheng

et al. 2019

Vadose Zone Journal

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Core Ideas The SHAW model was used to simulate the freeze–thaw process during freeze–thaw periods. It revealed the effects of soil texture and groundwater table depth on soil freezing and thawing. The frost depth and accumulated negative soil surface temperature relationship was determined. During freeze–thaw periods, the transformation between phreatic water and soil water will change the soil hydrothermal properties and affect the soil freezing and thawing in shallow groundwater areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of four different groundwater table depths (GTDs) and two soil textures on the process of soil freezing and thawing during two successive freeze–thaw periods using the Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model. The results show that the frost depth was the maximum when the GTD was 1.0 m, and the maximum frost depths of sandy loam and fine sand were 97.6 and 98.9 cm, respectively. When the GTD was larger than 1.5 m, the maximum frost depth decreased with an increase in GTD, and the maximum frost depth of the soil profile was more sensitive to changes in the air temperature. The frost depth of the soil profile was linear with the square root of the accumulated negative soil surface temperature (ANST) under different GTDs. The ANST was influenced by the phreatic evaporation, and the soil freezing rate increased with an increase in GTD under the same ANST. This research is significant for the rational development of soil water and heat resources and the study of soil water–heat transfer in shallow groundwater areas.

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confidence: 99%

Simulation of Soil Freezing and Thawing for Different Groundwater Table Depths

Chen

Gao

Zheng

et al. 2019

Vadose Zone Journal

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“…The WPEI defined by Equation (3) has been applied to evaluating the structural health condition in concrete structures [56] and other applications [57][58][59][60]. In this study, the total energy of received signal by S2 can be characterized through the WPEI.…”

Section: Wavelet-packet-based Energy Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Debonding between Steel Beam and Reinforcing CFRP Plate Using Active Sensing with Removable PZT-Based Transducers

Jiang

Deng

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates are widely used to retrofit or reinforce steel structures, and the debonding damage between the steel structure and the CFRP plate is a typical failure in strengthening steel structures. This paper proposes a new approach to detecting debonding between a steel beam and a reinforcing CFRP plate by using removable lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based transducers and active sensing. The removable PZT-based transducers are used to implement the active sensing approach, in which one transducer, as an actuator, is used to generate stress wave, and another transducer, as a sensor, is used to detect the stress wave that propagates across the bonding between the steel beam and the reinforcing CFRP plate. The bonding condition significantly influences the received sensor signal, and a wavelet-packet-based energy index (WPEI) is used to quantify the energy of the received signal to evaluate the severity of debonding between the steel beam and the reinforcing CFRP plate. To validate the proposed approach, experimental studies were performed, and two removable PZT-based transducers were designed and fabricated to detect the debonding between a steel beam and the reinforcing CRFP plate. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method in detecting the debonding between a steel beam and the reinforcing CFRP plate using removable PZT-based transducers.

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“…During a freeze-thaw cycle of the soil, its mechanical properties change considerably depending on the amount of ice matrix formed. Potentially the signal received at the sensor can be correlated with the mechanical properties of the soil, providing a continuous assessment of the mechanical property variation during a freeze-thaw cycle (Kong et al 2014). …”

Section: Piezoceramic-based Smart Aggregatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total energy of the transmitted wave through the soil specimen can be calculated by accumulating all the energy of the signal in different frequency bands. A soil freeze-thaw indicator will be created to quantitatively monitor the soil freeze-thaw degree (Kong et al 2014). When the value of the indicator is close to zero, the soil is in the initial unfrozen status.…”

Section: Basic Principles Of the Wavelet Packet Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Earth and Space 2014

Gertsch¹,

Malla²

2015

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Monitoring the Soil Freeze-Thaw Process Using Piezoceramic-Based Smart Aggregate

Cited by 81 publications

References 18 publications

Simulation of Soil Freezing and Thawing for Different Groundwater Table Depths

Simulation of Soil Freezing and Thawing for Different Groundwater Table Depths

Detecting Debonding between Steel Beam and Reinforcing CFRP Plate Using Active Sensing with Removable PZT-Based Transducers

Earth and Space 2014

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