Monitoring the side effects with DSC caused by cyclophosphamide treatment

Abstract

Polyneuropathy is defined as a simultaneous malfunction of several peripheral nerves, which could be a side effect of a cancer therapy (using cyclophosphamide) as well. In the daily use, it is very important to know the kinetics and metabolism of anticancer drugs because this way we can estimate their undesirable consequences to avoid the unwanted complications. Nowadays, the application of DSC in diagnosis of different diseases using blood compounds is increasing; therefore, the purpose of recent study was to introduce at the first time the DSC in the detection of cyclophosphamide-induced changes in plasma and red blood cells in case of an experimental animal model. Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus, n = 60, in 12 different groups) underwent to cyclophosphamide treatment administrated intraperitoneally with the dose comparable to the human dosage. At the end of treatments, the animals were euthanized, and the experimental samples (plasma end red blood cells) were analyzed by a SETARAM Micro DSC-II calorimeter. The denaturation temperatures and the calorimetric enthalpies were calculated from the heat flow curves. Our results exhibited a dose-dependent difference between thermal parameters of untreated and treated samples, demonstrating that DSC is applicable in this field too. After deconvolution of DSC scans, the changes could be assigned to the attacked compounds. Recently published papers call the attention for this technique more frequently in the medical diagnosis because this way from small amount of sample very quickly and economically possible to detect and predict the expected and unwanted side effects of chemotherapeutic agents.

Thermodynamic Signatures of Blood Plasma Proteome in Neurodegenerative Pathologies

“…For more than a decade, DSC has been employed to analyze blood plasma/sera in healthy and pathological states [47,49,51,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59]. DSC has also been successfully applied to study drug-induced effects on red blood cells and blood plasma in animal models [60,61], as well as on skeletal muscle, F and G actin in polyneuropathy [62,63]. The calorimetric profiles of blood plasma/sera are sensitive to the presence of ligands/biomarkers that can affect the conformational state and thermal stability of the most abundant plasma proteins registered by DSC [49,64].…”

Red Blood Cells’ Thermodynamic Behavior in Neurodegenerative Pathologies and Aging

“…Over the last decade, DSC has been applied in investigation of complex biofluids such as blood plasma/sera [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50], cerebrospinal fluid [51,52], cancer cells and nuclei [53], and brain tissue [54]. Farkas et al [55,56] have demonstrated that DSC can well be used to extract information on drug effects on blood plasma and RBCs [55,56] as well as on F and G actin in polyneuropathy [57]. A recent study of Michnik et al [58] evaluated the usefulness of DSC in differentiating the severity of PD based on a considerable difference in the thermodynamic parameters of protein denaturation in comparison to healthy sera.…”

The Possible Therapeutic Role of Probiotic on Cyclophosphamide Damaging Effects in Adult Male Albino Rat Jejunum

“…In spite of its beneficial effects, it has many side effects (Farkas et al, 2019) even when given at low doses which include petechial hemorrhage in the small bowel, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and inflammation (Alhowail et al, 2019). The CP caused severe tissue oxidative stress and massive cellular damage, consequently increasing apoptosis and death of both cancer and healthy cells (Abdel-Hafez et al, 2017b).…”