“…Erosion depletes organic content and nutrient‐holding clay‐size particles in topsoil stockpiles, limiting the effectiveness of post‐closure soil recapping and revegetation efforts, especially in tropical areas where mineral soils are naturally weathered and nutrient‐poor (Ashton & Seidler, 2014; Jordan, 1985; Sousa et al, 2008). The erosion of tailings dams can cause contaminants to seep into the surrounding environment (Daniell et al, 2019; Festin et al, 2019) and in the most extreme cases, can lead to dam collapse, endangering miners and neighboring communities (Hilson & Monhemius, 2006; Nsiah & Schaaf, 2019a).…”
Section: Biophysical Degradation From Surface Gold Mining In the Tropicsmentioning
Surface gold mining severely degrades landscapes, causing deforestation, soil erosion and displacement, and toxic contamination. The prevalence of both large-scale and artisanal, small-scale surface gold mining in the tropics has risen over recent decades.Restoration strategies developed for less-severe forms of degradation may not sufficiently address the unique ecological conditions of former gold mines. In this review, we summarize biophysical challenges to the restoration and reforestation of largeand small-scale gold mines in the tropics and synthesize the findings of studies that test restoration strategies at these sites. Certain practices, such as the backfilling of mined pits, topsoil conservation, and the preservation of local seed sources, emerge from the literature as crucial for the timely and effective restoration of gold mines.However, because the severity of ecological degradation varies greatly within and between individual mines, and given the relatively small number (n = 42) of published tropical field studies found in our literature review, we highlight a clear need for continued research and development of restoration strategies specific to ecological conditions of former gold mines in the tropics.
“…Erosion depletes organic content and nutrient‐holding clay‐size particles in topsoil stockpiles, limiting the effectiveness of post‐closure soil recapping and revegetation efforts, especially in tropical areas where mineral soils are naturally weathered and nutrient‐poor (Ashton & Seidler, 2014; Jordan, 1985; Sousa et al, 2008). The erosion of tailings dams can cause contaminants to seep into the surrounding environment (Daniell et al, 2019; Festin et al, 2019) and in the most extreme cases, can lead to dam collapse, endangering miners and neighboring communities (Hilson & Monhemius, 2006; Nsiah & Schaaf, 2019a).…”
Section: Biophysical Degradation From Surface Gold Mining In the Tropicsmentioning
Surface gold mining severely degrades landscapes, causing deforestation, soil erosion and displacement, and toxic contamination. The prevalence of both large-scale and artisanal, small-scale surface gold mining in the tropics has risen over recent decades.Restoration strategies developed for less-severe forms of degradation may not sufficiently address the unique ecological conditions of former gold mines. In this review, we summarize biophysical challenges to the restoration and reforestation of largeand small-scale gold mines in the tropics and synthesize the findings of studies that test restoration strategies at these sites. Certain practices, such as the backfilling of mined pits, topsoil conservation, and the preservation of local seed sources, emerge from the literature as crucial for the timely and effective restoration of gold mines.However, because the severity of ecological degradation varies greatly within and between individual mines, and given the relatively small number (n = 42) of published tropical field studies found in our literature review, we highlight a clear need for continued research and development of restoration strategies specific to ecological conditions of former gold mines in the tropics.
“…The laser used in this paper is the lasy series Lasy-5 laser produced by Datong laser (Mihaita et al, 2019), which has the following characteristics as shown in Table 2. The laser wavelength generated by Lasy-5 laser is 10.6 μm, which is just within the strongest absorption band of SF6 gas (Daniell et al, 2019;Hu et al, 2020;Li et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2020). Therefore, Lasy-5 laser can meet the requirements of this monitoring design.…”
Section: Hardware Design Of Nano Sensor Systemmentioning
<p>Aiming at the problems of long monitoring time, low sensitivity and low precision of traditional methods, a nano sensor for near zero emission monitoring of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) was proposed. The characteristics of SF6 gas were analyzed. The infrared spectrum of SF6 gas was obtained by spectral absorption method. The laser of Laixi series is used as the hardware of SF6 gas monitoring. The nano sensor array is designed, and the near zero emission state of SF6 is monitored by using the nano sensor node optimization method. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional method, the nano sensor method can shorten the monitoring time (less than 3.0 seconds), improve the monitoring sensitivity and accuracy. The results show that the method can monitor the air emission and environmental pollution accurately and timely.</p>
“…This plight is markedly reflected within West Kalimantan, where postillegal gold mining spans an expansive 6,613 ha distributed across 267 locations in eleven regencies (Sulakhudin et al, 2017). The persistent presence of illegal gold mining significantly fuels land degradation rates (Caballero Espejo et al, 2018;Daniell et al, 2019;Ramirez et al, 2020). This degradation manifests as sandy soil, characterized by low water retention capacity and high light intensity due to scarcity of vegetation, resulting in elevated soil surface temperatures and limited productivity for plant growth (Román-Dañobeytia et al, 2021;Tollefson, 2020).…”
The detrimental ecological impact of unauthorized gold mining in Indonesia is significantly profound, notably apparent in the nutrient-deficient, sandy soils with low pH resulting from the process. These conditions contribute to considerable land productivity decline, especially in West Kalimantan. In response to this challenge, the current study proposes an inventive approach for soil reclamation using red mud residue, derived from bauxite ore extraction, and cow manure as restorative elements. This research delves into a novel soil restoration technique that employs red mud waste (a residual from ore refinement) in conjunction with cow manure as ameliorative agents. A distinct amalgamation of 0.2 kg of red mud and 3 kg of cow manure (T2R3) showcased superior results. The incorporation of this blend resulted in a significant increase in soil pH by 0.93 units, an increase in macronutrient content ranging from 82.84%-503.07%, and plant growth (plant height and stem diameter) increased between 32.85%-54.31% in the treatment with 0.2 kg of red mud and 3 kg of cow manure (T2R3) compared to the lower treatment of 0.1 kg of red mud and 1 kg of cow manure (T1R1). These changes were evident, indicating improved soil fertility and the potential for increased crop yield
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