Monitoring the Oil of Wind-Turbine Gearboxes: Main Degradation Indicators and Detection Methods

Coronado, Diego; Wenske, Jan

doi:10.3390/machines6020025

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In several physical systems of interest including vegetable oils, alcohols, crude oils and several coolants used in industrial practice (Corach, Sorichetti & Romano 2012;Valantina et al 2016;Charin et al 2017;Coronado & Wenske 2018;Lu et al 2020), the charge relaxation time (the same for the droplet phase and the outer phase scale as εi / σi and εe / σe , respectively) turns out to be much shorter than the characteristic time scale of the dynamical evolution of the physical system. This results in virtually instantaneous accumulation of the charges at the interface and a charge-free bulk, rendering the applicability of the leaky-dielectric model.…”

Section: Problem Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric-field-mediated morpho-dynamic evolution in drop–drop coalescence phenomena in the inertio-capillary regime

Behera

Chakraborty

2023

J. Fluid Mech.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When two drops collide, they may either exhibit complete coalescence or selectively generate secondary drops, depending on their relative sizes and physical properties, as dictated by a decisive interplay of the viscous, capillary, inertia and gravity effects. Electric field, however, is known to induce distinctive alterations in the topological evolution of the interfaces post-collision, by influencing a two-way nonlinear coupling between electro-mechanics and fluid flow as mediated by a topologically intriguing interfacial deformation. While prior studies primarily focused on the viscous-dominated regime of the resulting electro-coalescence dynamics, several non-intuitive features of the underlying morpho-dynamic evolution over the intertio-capillary regime have thus far remained unaddressed. In this study, we computationally investigate electrically modulated coalescence dynamics along with secondary drop formation mechanisms in the inertio-capillary regime, probing the interactions of two unequal-sized drops subjected to a uniform electric field. Our results bring out an explicit mapping between the observed topological evolution as a function of the respective initial sizes of the parent drops as well as their pertinent electro-physical property ratios. These findings establish electric-field-mediated exclusive controllability of the observed topological features, as well as the critical conditions leading to the transition from partial to complete coalescence phenomena. In a coalescence cascade, an electric field is further shown to orchestrate the numbers of successive stages of coalescence before complete collapse. However, an increase of the numbers of cascade stages with the electric field strength and parent droplet size ratio is non-perpetual, and the same is demonstrated to continue until only a threshold number of cascade stages is reached. These illustrations offer significant insights into leveraging the interplay of electrical, inertial and capillary-driven interactions for controllable drop manipulation via multi-drop interactions for a variety of applications ranging from chemical processing to emulsion technology.

show abstract

Section: Problem Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric-field-mediated morpho-dynamic evolution in drop–drop coalescence phenomena in the inertio-capillary regime

Behera

Chakraborty

2023

J. Fluid Mech.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When it reaches a critical size at the surface of the component, the fault is detectable by a wealth of vibration and acoustic emission (AE) techniques [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], or a combination of both. These techniques are powered by contemporary signal processing algorithms [ 21 , 22 ] and/or other non-destructive testing methods, such as the ultrasound technique [ 23 ], Barkhausen noise analysis [ 24 ], shock-pulse methods [ 25 ], infrared thermography [ 26 , 27 , 28 ], oil monitoring [ 29 ], etc., or a combination of these methods [ 30 , 31 ]. However, it is fair to say that vibration analysis currently prevails in the field of monitoring rotating machinery, including the rolling bearing fault diagnosis [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Detection of Subsurface Fatigue Cracks in Rolling Element Bearings by the Knowledge-Based Analysis of Acoustic Emission

Hidle

Hestmo²,

Adsen³

et al. 2022

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aiming at early detection of subsurface cracks induced by contact fatigue in rotating machinery, the knowledge-based data analysis algorithm is proposed for health condition monitoring through the analysis of acoustic emission (AE) time series. A robust fault detector is proposed, and its effectiveness was demonstrated for the long-term durability test of a roller made of case-hardened steel. The reliability of subsurface crack detection was proven using independent ultrasonic inspections carried out periodically during the test. Subsurface cracks as small as 0.5 mm were identified, and their steady growth was tracked by the proposed AE technique. Challenges and perspectives of the proposed methodology are unveiled and discussed.

show abstract

“…The consumption of gearbox oil is the largest in the wind turbine nacelle and oil spills occur frequently [7]. Also, with increasing failures of the gearbox in recent years, the safety of the gearbox oil has been paid serious attentions [8]. The working environment of gearbox oil is not as safe as people think, especially when it is exposed in high temperature to cause a potential fire.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Aging Analyses of a Gearbox oil Used for Wind Turbine Nacelles

Zhuang

You

Cheng

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The original gearbox oil (typed CALTEXMEROPA 320) used for wind turbine was heated for 96 h at 155.0 °C in air to simulate the thermal aging process. By thermogravimetry (TG) experiments in air, the thermal stability of the gearbox oil and the oil heated after 96 h were compared. The Advanced Kinetics and Technology Solutions (AKTS) tool was used to explore related thermal aging effect. The results demonstrate that the thermal decomposition processes of the gearbox oils can be divided into three stages, with major mass loss occurring in the second stage. The maximum mass loss rates are -12.0 %/min (0 h) and -13.0 %/min (96 h). The S value (combustibility index) of original gearbox oil (7.35) is higher than that of preheated oil for 96 h (6.70). The thermal aging curve of gearbox oil presents an inverted L-shape, the thermal aging rate is faster in the first week and then gradually slows down. Practically, the fire risk of gearbox oil in the initial application stage is the highest to induce a potential burning process in an unwanted high temperature (say, higher than 270.0 °C based on TG results) environment.

show abstract

Monitoring the Oil of Wind-Turbine Gearboxes: Main Degradation Indicators and Detection Methods

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

Electric-field-mediated morpho-dynamic evolution in drop–drop coalescence phenomena in the inertio-capillary regime

Electric-field-mediated morpho-dynamic evolution in drop–drop coalescence phenomena in the inertio-capillary regime

Early Detection of Subsurface Fatigue Cracks in Rolling Element Bearings by the Knowledge-Based Analysis of Acoustic Emission

Thermal Aging Analyses of a Gearbox oil Used for Wind Turbine Nacelles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About