Cation exchange offers a strong postsynthetic tool for
nanoparticles
that are unachievable via direct synthesis, but its velocity makes
observing the onset of the reaction in the liquid state almost impossible.
After successfully proving that cation exchange reactions can be triggered,
performed, and followed live at the solid state by an
in situ
transmission electron microscopy approach, we studied the deep mechanisms
ruling the onset of cation exchange reactions, i.e., the adsorption,
penetration, and diffusion of cations in the host matrices of two
crystal phases of CdSe. Exploiting an
in situ
scanning
transmission electron microscopy approach with a latest generation
heating holder, we were able to trigger, freeze, and image the initial
stages of cation exchange with much higher detail. Also, we found
a connection between the crystal structure of CdSe, the starting temperature,
and the route of the cation exchange reaction. All the experimental
results were further reviewed by molecular dynamics simulations of
the whole cation exchange reaction divided in subsequent steps. The
simulations highlighted how the cation exchange mechanism and the
activation energies change with the host crystal structures. Furthermore,
the simulative results strongly corroborated the activation temperatures
and the cation exchange rates obtained experimentally, providing a
deeper understanding of its phenomenology and mechanism at the atomic
scale.