Monitoring the impact of<i>Bt</i>maize on butterflies in the field: estimation of required sample sizes

Lang, Andréas

doi:10.1051/ebr:2003018

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Although 7 other butterfly species were observed in the study, their low abundance did not enable suitable statistical analysis, confirming the practical difficulty of detecting small effects where they exist on all lepidopteran species that could be potentially exposed to Bt-maize pollen (Lang, 2004;Gathmann et al, 2006b;Aviron et al, 2009). …”

Section: Scientific Opinion On Applications For Renewal Of Authorisatmentioning

confidence: 90%

Applications (EFSA‐GMO‐RX‐MON810) for renewal of authorisation for the continued marketing of (1) existing food and food ingredients produced from genetically modified insect resistant maize MON810; (2) feed consisting of and/or containing maize MON810, including the use of seed for cultivation; and of (3) food and feed additives, and feed materials produced from maize MON810, all under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto

2009

EFS2

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SUMMARYThis document provides a scientific opinion of the Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO Panel) of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) on 3 applications 1 For citation purposes: Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms on applications (EFSA-GMO-RX-MON810) for the renewal of authorisation for the continued marketing of (1) existing food and food ingredients produced from genetically modified insect resistant maize MON810; (2) feed consisting of and/or containing maize MON810, including the use of seed for cultivation; and of (3) (1) existing food and food ingredients produced from genetically modified (GM) maize MON810 (Unique Identifier MON-ØØ81Ø-6); (2) feed consisting of and/or containing maize MON810, including the use of seed for cultivation; and of (3) food and feed additives, and feed materials produced from maize MON810, developed by Monsanto to provide resistance to lepidopteran target pests.The scopes of the 3 renewal applications cover the continued marketing of:-existing food and food ingredients produced from maize MON810 (Reference EFSA-GMO-RX-MON810 [8-1a] ) that have been placed on the market in accordance with [20-1a] );-food additives produced from maize MON810 that were authorised under Directive 89/107/EEC, and feed produced from maize MON810, i.e., feed additives lawfully placed on the market under Directive 70/524/EEC and feed materials (Reference EFSA-GMO-RX-MON810 [8-1b/20-1b] ).After the date of entry into force of the Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003, the products mentioned above were notified to the European Commission according to Articles 8 or 20 of this Regulation and subsequently included in the Community Register of GM food and feed.Maize MON810 expresses a Cry1Ab insecticidal protein, derived from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, which confers protection against lepidopteran target pests such as the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and species belonging to the genus Sesamia.In delivering its scientific opinion, the EFSA GMO The EFSA GMO Panel assessed maize MON810 with reference to the intended uses and appropriate principles described in the guidance document of the EFSA GMO Panel for the risk assessment of GM plants and derived food and feed. The scientific assessment included molecular characterisation of the inserted DNA and expression of target proteins. A comparative analysis of agronomic traits and composition was undertaken, and the safety of the new protein and the whole food/feed were evaluated with respect to potential toxicity, allergenicity and nutritional quality. An assessment of environmental impacts and the postmarket environmental monitoring plan were undertaken.Maize MON810 was generated by particle acceleration technology. Maize MON810 expresses a cry1Ab coding sequence that encodes an insecticidally active Cry1Ab protein. The molecular characterisation data established that a single insert is integrated in the maize The expression of the genes introduced by genetic modification has been su...

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Section: Scientific Opinion On Applications For Renewal Of Authorisatmentioning

confidence: 90%

Applications (EFSA‐GMO‐RX‐MON810) for renewal of authorisation for the continued marketing of (1) existing food and food ingredients produced from genetically modified insect resistant maize MON810; (2) feed consisting of and/or containing maize MON810, including the use of seed for cultivation; and of (3) food and feed additives, and feed materials produced from maize MON810, all under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto

2009

EFS2

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“…Although the inclusion of abundant Crambid Snout Moths occurring in grassy field margins helps to overcome the possible problem of low abundance and few species, the necessary sample size (according to the prospective power analysis) may be extremely high and impracticable when the abundance of single species are to be analysed (Lang 2004, Aviron et al 2009). In such cases, the analysis of patch occupancy (presence-absence data) would be a recommendation requiring a lower sample size (Royle and Nichols 2003, McKenzie and Nichols 2004.…”

Section: General Discussion and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How To Assure Quality Of Work and Data?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A prospective power analysis requires prior knowledge of the data variance, which can be taken from preliminary trials, existing databases or from the literature (e.g., Lang 2004, Aviron et al 2009). An 80% power is often used and considered adequate for experimental studies and GMO monitoring (Lang 2004. Depending on the specific circumstances, however, higher degrees of statistical power or lower effect sizes to be detected may be appropriate (Di Stefano 2003), e.g.…”

Section: How To Assure Quality Of Work and Data?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standardised methods for the GMO monitoring of butterflies and moths: the whys and hows

Lang¹,

Theißen²,

Dolek³

2013

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Citation: Lang A, Theißen B, Dolek M (2013) Standardised methods for the GMO monitoring of butterflies and moths: the whys and hows. BioRisk 8: 15-38. doi: 10.3897/biorisk.8.3244 Abstract Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are related to many biotic and abiotic characteristics of the environment, and are widely accepted as relevant protection goals. Adverse effects on butterflies and moths through genetically modified (GM) crops have been demonstrated, by both insect-resistant and herbicidetolerant events. Thus, Lepidoptera are considered suitable bio-indicators for monitoring the potential adverse effects due to the cultivation of GM crops, and guidelines were developed under the umbrella of the Association of German Engineers VDI (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure), entitled "Monitoring the effects of genetically modified organisms (GMO) -Standardised monitoring of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera): transect method, light trap and larval survey". Here, the background and rationale of the VDI guidelines are presented, including a summary of the methods described in the guidelines. Special emphasis is given to the discussion of underlying reasons for the selection and adjustment of the applied methodology with respect to the GMO monitoring of day-active Lepidoptera, of night-active moths and of the recording of lepidopteran larvae, as well as to sample design and strategy. Further aspects possibly interfering with monitoring quality are treated such as landscape patterns, low species number and abundance in agro-ecosystems, or high year-to-year fluctuations of populations of Lepidoptera. Though specifically designed for GM crops, the VDI guidelines may also serve as a template to monitor the effects of a wider range of adverse factors on Lepidoptera in agriculture.

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“…Consequently, a significant and unequivocal correlation of detected differences with the cultivation of Bt11 maize is highly unlikely. Furthermore, the recording of statistically sufficient data on the abundance of lepidoptera would demand a high input of personnel and costs (Lang, 2004), especially if larvae, as the most susceptible and immobile development stage, are to be monitored. In addition maize, a species recently introduced into Europe, is not a significant food source for endemic lepidoptera and impacts due to pollen dispersal are likely to be transient and minor as demonstrated by studies on monarch butterflies in the USA (Dively et al, 2004).…”

Section: Interplay Between Environmental Risk Assessment and Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on genetically modified organisms [GMO] related to the notification for the placing on the market of insect resistant genetically modified maize Bt11, for cultivation, feed and industrial processing

2005

EFSA Journal

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SUMMARYThis document provides an opinion of the Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO Panel) of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) on Bt11 maize, genetically modified to provide protection against specific lepidopteran pests. The maize also contains a gene providing tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate.The opinion is based on a question raised by the Commission relating to an application for the placing on the market of Bt11 maize under Directive 2001/18/EC. The GMO Panel was asked to consider whether there is any scientific reason to believe that placing Bt11 maize on the market, for cultivation, import, processing and use as any other maize (excluding food uses), is likely to cause any adverse effects on human health and the environment (Notification C/F/96/05.10). The question followed a scientific assessment which was made initially by the Competent Authority of France and evaluated subsequently by all other Member States. An assessment of the Bt11 maize was requested by the Commission because of questions raised by several Member States following the evaluations at the national level. When this is the case, EU legislation requires that EFSA carries out a further assessment and provides an opinion.Bt11 maize has been previously evaluated (SCP, 1998a) and approved (EC, 1998) for import, processing and feed use under Directive 90/220/EEC. Bt11 maize has also been evaluated for cultivation under the same Directive (SCP, 2000). Food and food ingredients derived from Bt11 maize have been authorised (EC, 1999) pursuant to Article 5 of Regulation (EC) 258/97. Bt11 sweet maize has also been evaluated (SCF, 2002) and approved (EC, 2004c) for food consumption in the framework of Regulation (EC) 258/97 (EC, 1997).In delivering its opinion the Panel considered the application, additional information provided by the applicant and comments submitted by the Member States. Bt11 maize was assessed with reference to its intended use employing the appropriate principles as described in the 'Guidance Document of the Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms for the Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Plants and Derived Food and Feed' (EFSA, 2004a). The scientific assessment included examination of the DNA inserted into Bt11 maize and the nature and safety of the newly expressed proteins produced by the transgenic plants with respect to toxicology and allergenicity. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of agronomic traits and composition was undertaken and http://www.efsa.eu.int 2 the safety of the whole product was evaluated. A nutritional and an environmental assessment, including monitoring plan, were both undertaken.Bt11 maize has been developed for protection against specific lepidopteran pests such as the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and Sesamia spp. Though the applicant considered that the pat gene for glufosinate ammonium tolerance was a marker gene and would only be used for that purpose, the Panel considered it likely that farmers would grow Bt11 maize with glufosin...

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Monitoring the impact ofBtmaize on butterflies in the field: estimation of required sample sizes

Cited by 36 publications

References 45 publications

Standardised methods for the GMO monitoring of butterflies and moths: the whys and hows

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on genetically modified organisms [GMO] related to the notification for the placing on the market of insect resistant genetically modified maize Bt11, for cultivation, feed and industrial processing

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