“…In various animal taxa, including fish, the D-loop generally evolves faster than mtDNA coding genes (Broughton et al, 2001;Brown et al, 1993;Moritz et al, 1987;Page & Hughes, 2010), making it a powerful marker in detecting recent divergence within a species (Grant, 2015). Compared to the Dloop, Cytb is more conserved, as documented in many fish species, such as the Amazon catfish Brachyplatystoma platynemum (Ochoa et al, 2015), feather-back fish Chitala chitala (Mandal et al, 2012), and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Chen et al, 2019). The combined use of mtDNA segments with unequal mutation rates reflects a broad view of the evolutionary history of the species (Ballard & Rand, 2005;Moritz et al, 1987;Page & Hughes, 2010).…”