Monitoring the exhaust air of a compost pile with an e-nose and comparison with GC–MS data

Emission of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) during the aerobic decomposition of orange wastes

“…The ratio of acetals was very low during the whole decomposition. The change of ketone ratio in the present study was consistent with that in a previous study, which revealed that the relative proportion of ketones increased with compost age (Romain et al, 2005). This result can be explained by the fact that ketones are produced as concomitants of possible microbial metabolites when the large bio-organic compounds such as lignins and proteins are being turned into humus as the compost ages (Eitzer, 1995).…”

“…This result can be explained by the fact that ketones are produced as concomitants of possible microbial metabolites when the large bio-organic compounds such as lignins and proteins are being turned into humus as the compost ages (Eitzer, 1995). However, the changes of alcohol, aldehyde, and ester percentages were not in line with those in a previous study, which revealed that the relative proportions of alcohols and aldehydes peaked in the middle of the composting process, while the ratio of ester to total VOCs fluctuated during the composting process (Romain et al, 2005).…”

“…So we did not include VFAs in this study. Considering that VFAs were important components of OVOCs detected in the juice and flesh of citrus fruit (e.g., Umano et al, 2002;Brat et al, 2003) as well as during the decay of organic wastes (e.g., Romain et al, 2005), they should be taken into consideration in future studies on OVOC emissions from orange wastes.…”

“…Thus, OVOCs are also major non-methane organic compounds in waste gases from various waste treatment processes including transferring (Dorado et al, 2014), landfilling (Davoli et al, 2003;Dincer et al, 2006;Tassi et al, 2009) and composting (Eitzer, 1995;Smet et al, 1999;Pierucci et al, 2005;Romain et al, 2005;Staley et al, 2006;He et al, 2010;Kumar et al, 2011;Lehtinen et al, 2013). Emission of OVOCs from these treatment facilities may not only burst into their airborne ambient levels in the neighborhood (Davoli et al, 2003;Dincer et al, 2006) and contribute to ground-level ozone formation (Kumar et al, 2011), but also trigger complaints of sensory irritation by local residents.…”

Ruokajätteen kompostoinnin hajuhaittojen minimointi prosessioptimoinnilla

“…Sensorien eri kaasuille antamia tuloksia tilastollisesti analysoimalla voidaan niitä "harjaannuttaa" tunnistamaan erilaisia hajulähteitä, aineita ja konsentraatioita. Sähköisiä neniä on viime vuosina menestyksekkäästi käytetty toteamaan, tunnistamaan ja erottamaan kompostoinnissa syntyviä hajuja, mikä käy ilmi kolmen eri tutkimusryhmän raporteista (Hamacher et al 2003;Romain et al 2005;Sironi et al 2007). Sähköiset nenät antavat mahdollisuuden seurata kompostoinnissa syntyviä hajuja automaattisten mittausten avulla, mutta kestänee vielä aikansa, ennen kuin käytettävissä on valmiita kaupallisia sovelluksia.…”