Monitoring the effects of a lepidopteran insecticide, Flubendiamide, on the biology of a non-target dipteran insect, Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract

Various organisms are adversely affected when subjected to chronic fluoride exposure. This highly electronegative ion present in several insecticide formulations is found to be lethal to target pests. In the present study, Drosophila melanogaster is treated with sub-lethal concentrations of a diamide insecticide formulation, Flubendiamide. Chronic exposure to the diamide (0.5-100 μg/mL) was found to be responsible for increase in fluoride ion concentration in larval as well as adult body fluid. Interestingly, 100 μg/mL Flubendiamide exposure resulted in 107 and 298% increase in fluoride ion concentration whereas only 23 and 52% of Flubendiamide concentration increase in larval and adult body fluid, respectively. Further, in this study, selected life cycle parameters like larval duration, pupal duration and emergence time showed minimal changes, whereas percentage of emergence and fecundity revealed significant treatment-associated variation. It can be noted that nearly 79% reduction in fecundity was observed with 100 μg/mL Flubendiamide exposure. The variations in these parameters indicate probable involvement of fluoride ion in detectable alterations in the biology of the non-target model insect, D. melanogaster. Furthermore, the outcomes of life cycle study suggest change in resource allocation pattern in the treated flies. The altered resource allocation might have been sufficient to resist changes in selective life cycle parameters, but it could not defend the changes in fecundity. The significant alterations indicate a definite trade-off pattern, where the treated individuals happen to compromise. Thus, survival is apparently taking an upper hand in comparison to reproductive ability in response to Flubendiamide exposure. Graphical abstract The figure demonstrates increase in Fluoride and Flubendiamide concentrations in Drosophila melanogaster after chronic sub-lethal exposure to Flubendiamide. Treatment-induced alterations in larval and pupal duration, reduction in fecundity and alteration in male-female ratio is also observed.

Toxicological Evaluation of a New Lepidopteran Insecticide, Flubendiamide, in Non-Target Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

“…Thus, the present findings are suggestive of the fact that treatment with the test chemical in D. melanogaster causes probable sub-organismal changes that propagate towards organismal responses like reduced adult emergence with altered life cycle [19][20][21][22].…”

Transcriptome analysis unveils the mechanisms of lipid metabolism response to grayanotoxin I stress in Spodoptera litura

“…In the lab bioassay of insecticide, the “diet mixed with insecticide” method was widely used because this method is simple, cost-effective, time-saving, and reliable. It is suitable for long-term medication and particularly appropriate for insecticides that are insoluble in water or have poor palatability ( Sarkar & Roy, 2017 ; Huang et al, 2021 ; Sun et al, 2022a ).…”

Sublethal chlorantraniliprole exposure induces autophagy and apoptosis through disrupting calcium homeostasis in the silkworm Bombyx mori

“…Sublethal CAP or cyantraniliprol reduced population growth in parasitoids, nematodes, crayfish and pollinators (Amarasekare et al, 2016; Barbee et al, 2010; Brugger et al, 2010; Gradish et al, 2010; Koppenhöfer & Fuzy, 2008). Sublethal flubendiamide caused reduction in generation duration and reproduction of Drosophila melanogaster (Sarkar & Roy, 2017). Previously, we have shown that sublethal CAP exposure caused silkworm pupation metamorphosis defects through targeting 20‐hydroxyecdysone signalling (Chen et al, 2020).…”