Monitoring the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy with periodic renewal of the photosensitizer on intracanal Enterococcus faecalis biofilms

Soares, Janir Alves; Soares, Suelleng Maria Cunha Santos; César, Carlos Augusto Santos; Carvalho, Maria Auxiliadora Roque de; Brito-Júnior, Manoel; Sousa, Gerdal Roberto de; Soares, Betânia Maria; Farias, Luiz de Mácêdo

doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.01.002

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Searching for aPDT studies applied to endodontics performed with or without fibers, the first aPDT report was carried out without an intracanal fiber [88], but the following ones made use of it [89][90][91] based perhaps on common sense (professionals are trained to use instruments along the whole root canal length, and a fiber is in consonance with practice standards). Studies of whether the fiber is advantageous or not only came later in 2011 [80,92]. Moreover, experiments of intracanal fiber benefits against polymicrobial biofilms are needed to fulfill this topic.…”

Section: Light With or With No Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight into Advanced Approaches for Photosensitizer Optimization in Endodontics—A Critical Review

Diogo

Faustino

Neves

et al. 2019

JFB

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Apical periodontitis is a biofilm-mediated disease; therefore, an antimicrobial approach is essential to cure or prevent its development. In the quest for efficient strategies to achieve this objective, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has emerged as an alternative to classical endodontic irrigation solutions and antibiotics. The aim of the present critical review is to summarize the available evidence on photosensitizers (PSs) which has been confirmed in numerous studies from diverse areas combined with several antimicrobial strategies, as well as emerging options in order to optimize their properties and effects that might be translational and useful in the near future in basic endodontic research. Published data notably support the need for continuing the search for an ideal endodontic photosensitizer, that is, one which acts as an excellent antimicrobial agent without causing toxicity to the human host cells or presenting the risk of tooth discoloration. The current literature on experimental studies mainly relies on assessment of mixed disinfection protocols, combining approaches which are already available with aPDT as an adjunct therapy. In this review, several approaches concerning aPDT efficiency are appraised, such as the use of bacteriophages, biopolymers, drug and light delivery systems, efflux pump inhibitors, negative pressure systems, and peptides. The authors also analyzed their combination with other approaches for aPDT improvement, such as sonodynamic therapy. All of the aforementioned techniques have already been tested, and we highlight the biological challenges of each formulation, predicting that the collected information may encourage the development of other effective photoactive materials, in addition to being useful in endodontic basic research. Moreover, special attention is dedicated to studies on detailed conditions, aPDT features with a focus on PS enhancer strategies, and the respective final antimicrobial outcomes. From all the mentioned approaches, the two which are most widely discussed and which show the most promising outcomes for endodontic purposes are drug delivery systems (with strong development in nanoparticles) and PS solubilizers.

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Section: Light With or With No Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight into Advanced Approaches for Photosensitizer Optimization in Endodontics—A Critical Review

Diogo

Faustino

Neves

et al. 2019

JFB

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“…O laser diodo é a fonte de luz mais empregada nas metodologias 1,3-5,7,8,10-12,15,17,18 , embora a luz de LED também se mostre como uma fonte de luz alternativa viável 14,16 . Geralmente o laser diodo é comercializado com comprimento de onda de 660 nm, sendo a potência mais visualizada a de 100 mW [8][9][10]12,16,17 e de 40 mW 3,7,15,18 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Uso da terapia fotodinâmica na redução de microrganismos das infecções endodônticas

2021

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Introdução: A terapia fotodinâmica (TFD) se apresenta como uma técnica complementar ao tratamento endodôntico potencializando a desinfecção dos canais radiculares. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi buscar estudos que utilizem a TFD como coadjuvante à terapia endodôntica e expor quais são mais recorrentes e propiciam melhores resultados na descontaminação, sugerindo um protocolo para o tratamento endodôntico. Método: O trabalho fundamentou-se em uma pesquisa realizada por meio de levantamento da literatura, mediante a consulta de artigos científicos nas bases de dados (PubMed, LILACS, e Scielo), e para a inclusão dos mesmos na revisão foram utilizados os critérios: artigos em inglês, originais e relevantes, pesquisas clínicas e laboratoriais, em dentes permanentes humanos e que relatassem o uso da terapia fotodinâmica como um tratamento coadjuvante à desinfecção dos canais. Resultados: Após a busca e exclusão pela leitura de títulos e resumos, teve-se 47 artigos, e após a leitura destes na íntegra, utilizando-se os critérios de exclusão, 14 foram utilizados para a revisão. As variáveis diferem nos estudos, no entanto, alguns parâmetros da TFD persistem nas pesquisas, apresentando bons resultados na redução das infecções endodônticas. O protocolo sugerido nesta revisão foi o uso do corante azul de metileno (15 e 25 µg/ml); tempo pré-irradiação de 5 minutos; laser diodo (660 nm) e potência de 100 mW; uso de fibra óptica e tempo de irradiação de 5 minutos. Conclusão: O uso da TFD proporciona uma redução bacteriana significativa associado ao preparo químico-mecânico, mostrando a possibilidade de aplicação deste protocolo que apresentou os melhores resultados.

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“…The biofilm formed by E. faecalis is closely associated with primary and secondary endodontic infections [39]. In previous studies, the incubation times of E. faecalis bacteria in biofilm form have differed widely, ranging from 24 hours [40] to 48 hours [41], 72 hours [42], 5 days [43], 7 days [44], 21 days [45,46], or 30 days [47,48] on dentin slices or ex vivo root canal models. In the present study, the dentin slices were inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days to allow structurally mature biofilm formation on dentin, in agreement with the previous research [45,46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Rose Bengal‐ and Methylene Blue‐Mediated Potassium Iodide‐Potentiated Photodynamic Therapy on Enterococcus faecalis: A Comparative Study

Yuan

Jia

et al. 2020

Lasers Surg Med

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Background and Objectives: This study was performed to compare the use of methylene blue (MB) and rose bengal (RB) in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) targeting Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) bacteria in planktonic and biofilm forms with potassium iodide (KI) potentiation. Study Design/Materials and Methods: E. faecalis bacteria in planktonic form were exposed to antimicrobial PDT protocols activating MB and RB, with or without KI potentiation, following laser irradiation with different exposure times, 60 mW/cm 2 laser power, and different photosensitizer agent (PS)/potentiator concentrations to observe relationships among the variables. Two continuous-wave diode lasers were used for irradiation (red light: λ = 660 nm and green light: λ = 565 nm). The pre-irradiation time was 10 minutes. The vitality of E. faecalis biofilm was assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and the morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy. The effects on the proliferation of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) were analyzed by cell counting kit-8 assay. The staining effect of antimicrobial PDT on dentin slices was investigated. Statistical analysis using a one-way analysis of variance was done. Results: KI-potentiated RB and MB antimicrobial PDT both effectively eradicated E. faecalis bacteria in planktonic and biofilm forms. The minimum bactericidal concentrations of PSs (±100 mM KI) were obtained through PDT on planktonic E. faecalis, and the optimal light parameters were 60 mW/cm 2 , 6 J/cm 2 for 100 seconds. KI-potentiated PDT effectively strengthened the ability to inhibit E. faecalis biofilm with 86.50 ± 5.78% for MB (P = 0.0015 < 0.01) and 91.50 ± 1.75% for RB (P = 0.0418 < 0.05) of bactericidal rate, with less toxicity for SCAPs (P < 0.001) and less staining. KI could reduce the staining induced by antimicrobial PDT on dentin slices. Conclusion: A combination of KI and antimicrobial PDT may be a useful alternative to conventional disinfection methods in endodontic treatment. MB and RB antimicrobial PDT at much lower concentrations with KI could hopefully achieve disinfection effects comparable with those of 1.5% NaClO while causing few adverse effects on SCAPs. KI helps to avoid staining problems associated with high concentrations of photosensitizer agents. Lasers Surg. Med.

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Monitoring the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy with periodic renewal of the photosensitizer on intracanal Enterococcus faecalis biofilms

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

An Insight into Advanced Approaches for Photosensitizer Optimization in Endodontics—A Critical Review

An Insight into Advanced Approaches for Photosensitizer Optimization in Endodontics—A Critical Review

Uso da terapia fotodinâmica na redução de microrganismos das infecções endodônticas

Effects of Rose Bengal‐ and Methylene Blue‐Mediated Potassium Iodide‐Potentiated Photodynamic Therapy on Enterococcus faecalis: A Comparative Study

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