“…Parasites have proven to be suitable indicators for many aspects of the biology of their hosts, as well as sensitive indicators of changing conditions in aquatic systems (Blanar et al, 2009;Marcogliese, 2005;Sures et al, 2017). Indeed, they meet most of the the recommended criteria for suitable indicators in several branches of environmental sciences related to environmental impact analysis and evaluation of restoration processes (Bellinger & Sigee, 2010;Gibbons, Pearthree, Cloutier, & Ehlenz, 2020;Pander & Geist, 2013;Roni, Hall, Drenner, & Arterburn, 2019;Sures et al, 2017). Their value as indicators of the occurrence and magnitude of these changes relies on several characteristics of parasitism.…”