Monitoring the Dielectric Properties and Propagation Conditions of Mortar for Modern Wireless Mobile Networks

Abstract

Recently, modern wireless communication applications are extended to call high frequency bands including millimeter waves for 5G systems. Therefore, the propagation properties of such waves in different media have attracted many researchers. In this work, the results of the Sparameters measurements of mortar with four thicknesses are obtained using a nondestructive free space measurement technique for the frequency bands from 8 GHz up to 32 GHz. The obtained results of the dielectric properties and loss factors for the prepared mortar samples are realized. The variation in both the reflection and transmission coefficients and the dielectric properties with curing time conditions of mortar structure is examined. The dielectric properties of water are realized using the proposed method to subtract the effects of water contents from the prepared mortar samples. The effects of the sample thickness and relaxation frequency are considered. The obtained measurements are compared to the simulated results based on a full wave simulation software package of CSTMWS algorithms. Finally, excellent agreements are achieved between the simulated and measured results.

Novel reconfigurable monopole‐based matching circuitry design for 5G and modern wireless communication systems

“…The antenna performance is controlled by switching the current motion through four PIN diodes as shown in the fabricated structure in Figure 1B. The proposed antenna is consistent of three main parts: The first part is based on a monopole structure to maintain on a single polarization, vertical or horizontal, that suite for 5G applications, 11 while traditional printed antennas suffer from modest polarization due to the current motion effects with feeding structures 10 . The second is an L‐shaped reflector connected to a CPW feed structure.…”

“…Nevertheless, the proposed antenna is subjected to reconfiguration process through four PIN diodes that require a DC biasing. Therefore, the authors avoided the direct physical connection between the SMA port and the L‐shaped side to ensure isolation between the RF sources DC 10 . This is realized by leaving a gap between the RF source and the monopole and the L‐shaped structure.…”

“…Nevertheless, meta‐surfaces were introduced in various antenna structures as defected ground planes, 3 frequency selective surfaces, 4 and artificial magnetic conductors 5 . Most of these applications were applied to wearable textile WBAN applications, 6 size reduction, 7 antenna gain enhancement, 8 interference isolation, 9 and mutual coupling reduction 10 . Moreover, these artificial structures provided unique features such as distinctive stop bands, 11 surface wave suppressions, 12 and negative effective constitutive parameters 13 …”

“…It is good to mention that, in recent 5G networks, two main bands are issued within sub‐6GHz and mm waves (mmW) 10 . Using mmW could realize an excellent reduction in the antenna size and a significant bandwidth enhancement 9 .…”

“…It is good to mention that, in recent 5G networks, two main bands are issued within sub-6GHz and mm waves (mmW). 10 Using mmW could realize an excellent reduction in the antenna size and a significant bandwidth enhancement. 9 However, the propagation of mmW inside buildings is very difficult due to the fact of the skin depth and attenuation factors increase with frequency increase.…”